铜污染草地对放牧乌蒙半细毛羊矿物质元素代谢的影响

为了评价草地铜污染对放牧乌蒙半细毛羊的影响,探讨铜污染的治理方法,在乌蒙山区的妈姑镇和凉水沟开展草地放牧试验和矿物质元素补充研究。应用原子发射光谱分析土壤、牧草和动物组织的重金属含量,应用全自动血液分析仪分析血液指标。放牧试验的结果显示:铜污染草地放牧明显增加了动物组织铜和锌的含量(P 0.01),降低了动物组织钼和铁的含量(P 0.01),试验结束时,试验组动物的血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞压积(PCV)、红细胞数(RBC)和平均红细胞体积(MCV)显著低于对照组(P 0.01),羊毛产量和长度显著低于对照组(P 0.01)。矿物质元素补充试验的结果显示:补充硫酸钠明显降低了铜污染草地放牧动物血液和肝脏铜元素含量,补充试验结束时,处理Ⅰ组动物血液的Hb、PCV、RBC和MCV显著高于处理Ⅱ组(P 0.01),血液指标达到正常范围。处理Ⅱ组动物血液和肝脏铜元素的含量继续升高,动物组织钼的含量继续降低(P 0.01),Hb、PCV和RBC继续下降,试验结束时出现溶血性贫血,但补充硫对羊毛品质的相关指标没有显著的影响。研究表明,铜污染草地严重影响了乌蒙半细毛羊的矿物质代谢,补充硫酸钠可以部分拮抗铜的毒性。

Effect of Copper Contaminated Pasture on Mineral Metabolism in the Wumeng Semi-fine Wool Sheep

To assess the impact of copper (Cu) pollution on mineral metabolism in the grazing Wumeng semi-fine wool sheep, two studies were conducted in the Magu pasture and Liangshuigou rangeland in the Wumeng mountainous area. Contents of heavy metal elements in soil, forage, blood and liver were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Blood parameters were determined on automatic hematology analyzer. Results of the grazing test showed that contents of Cu and zinc (Zn) in blood and liver from affected sheep are significantly higher than those in controls (P<0.01), and concentrations of molybdenum (Mo) and iron (Fe) in blood and liver in affected sheep are significantly lower than those in controls (P<0.01). Hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell count (RBC) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) are significantly reduced in affected sheep from copper contaminated pasture (P<0.01). The yield and length of wool are significantly lower than those in controls (P<0.01). Results of a mineral supplement test showed that contents of Cu and Mo in blood and liver in sheep of supplied sodium sulfate from copper contaminated pasture were significantly decreased (P<0.01). Hb, PCV, RBC and MCV from sheep of supplied sodium sulfate were significantly increased, and reached healthy values at the end of test. Hb, PCV, RBC and MCV in sheep from control kept significant reduction. The hemolytic anemia has been found in sheep from copper contaminated pasture at the end of test. Effects of supplied sodium sulfate to forage on wool quality are not obvious. The mineral metabolism of grazing sheep has been severely disrupted in copper contaminated pasture. Adding sodium sulfate content of forage can reduce copper absorption in the Wumeng semi-fine wool sheep.