基于COD通量的钱塘江流域水污染生态补偿量化研究

水污染生态补偿是解决流域跨界水污染纠纷的重要措施。以行政单元为补偿主体，通过交界断面水质目标确立上下游政府间的水污染生态补偿责任，建立基于污染物通量的生态补偿量化计算方法，并提出了生态补偿运作模式。以钱塘江流域为例，根据2004年钱塘江流域水质状况，在75%保证率的水文条件下，基于COD通量估算了流域内各县（市）间水污染生态补偿量。结果表明，生态补偿量反映区域污染特点，上游地区基本上都是接受补偿者，而呈结构性污染的地区是生态补偿支付者，部分区域补偿强度超过当地经济发展水平，表明其发展不具有可持续性。钱塘江流域水污染生态补偿模式可以是政府层面上的财政支助，也可以通过项目支持、技术支持等形式实现区域间的补偿。通过生态补偿机制的实施，将对流域水环境保护起到积极的激励作用。

QUANTIFICATION OF WATER POLLUTION ECO COMPENSATION IN QIANTANG RIVER WATERSHED BASED ON COD FLUX

Eco compensation is an important countermeasure for the control of trans boundary pollution.In this paper，a district was chosen as eco compensation subject and its responsibilities were determined through examining the water quality in trans boundary water bodies.The calculation method of eco compensation based on pollutant flux was established for adjacent districts.Taking Qiantang River Watershed as an example，the water pollution compensation of the watershed was calculated based on the COD concentration of 2004 and hydrological condition of 75% confidence.The results showed that the amount of eco compensation reflects the characteristics of watershed pollution.Most upstream districts were acceptors of compensation，while most districts whose pollution was structural pollution were payers.The amount of compensation paid by some districts may exceed the level of local economic development，implying that the development may not be sustainable.Furthermore，the model of eco compensation in Qiantang River Watershed including financial support，project support and technical support were discussed.It may be concluded that the eco compensation will inspirit environmental protection in a watershed.