飞机结冰特性及防除冰技术研究

了解结冰对飞行的危害、预测结冰的特性和发展防除冰方法,对于保证飞行安全极为重要。阐述结冰的形成及其严重程度度量方法,分析结冰对飞机气动、操稳及起降特性的影响,总结现有的飞机防冰与除冰技术,并对飞机防冰试验进行综述。考虑到带冰飞行是不可避免的,强调容冰技术对于保障安全飞行的重要性,并给出结冰条件下的操纵建议。研究表明,影响飞机结冰的因素不同导致结冰严重程度上存在差异,结冰对飞机特性影响较大,导致飞行性能下降,而防除冰技术的使用及容冰能力的提高对于确保结冰条件下的飞行安全意义重大。

Research of Aircraft Icing Characteristics and Anti-icing and De-icing Technology

In order to assure flight safety,it is extremely important to realize the danger of icing,to predict the characteristics of icing and to develop anti-icing and de-icing methods.The formation and measurement methods of icing are depicted,icing effects on aircraft performance,stability and control are analyzed,and some anti-icing and de-icing technology are also presented.At the same time,considering inescapability of flying under icing conditions,the aircraft system can be designed and operated in an ice-tolerant manner.In addition,some related operation suggestions are listed.It shows that different factors influencing the icing of aircraft can lead to the diversity of icing severity,at the same time,the influence of icing accretion on the characteristics of aircraft is so great that flight performance will degrade.As a result,the use of anti-icing and de-icing technology and the improvement of ice-tolerant capability are critical to assure flight safety under icing conditions.