湖南省农业生态环境建设的问题与对策

湖南作为长江流域重要的农业大省，在主要农产品产量大幅度增长的同时，农业生态环境中存在的问题仍然严重，生态环境整体上尚未根本好转。湖南生态环境中存在的问题主要有；灾害频率和强度提高；不适当的丘岗山地与坡耕地开发造成了严重的水土流失；环境污染日趋严重。文章结合已有研究工作，提出了湖南农业生态建设主攻方向和措施。作者认为，(1)加强水土流失治理，是减少水旱灾害的根本措施。水土流失治理的重点是综合开发潜力大、人类垦殖活动频繁、环境相对脆弱的丘陵地区。(2)要构建人地协调的高效农业生态系统。在丘岗山区，依据不同自然条件，构建高效农业生态系统。达到提高生产率并保护生态环境的目的；在平原湖区调整农业布局，实行避灾减灾种植制度。(3)要依靠科技进步，促进农业生态建设。

Problems and countermeasures on the construction of agro-ecological environment in Hunan province

Hunan province is an important province in agriculture in the Yangtze valley of China. With the output of primary products acquiring an increasing in a great extent, a ultimate improving in the Hunan agro-ecological environment has not realized. There still exit some main serious problems in the Hunan agro-ecological environment, such as rising tendency in frequency and intensity of natural disaster, high soil erosion caused by irrational exploitation in hill and hillock areas, increasingly severe environment pollution, etc. On the base of previous research works, the author suggest that strengthening the govern of soil erosion should be the radical measure in decreasing the disasters of flood and drought, and the hill areas with the largest potential to development and high reclaimed and cultivated, relative weak environment should be stressed in the cause. Constructing high efficiency agro-ecosystem which is unisonous between human beings and nature. Including advancing the productivity and in the mountain regions and hill regions as well as protecting eco-system , and adjusting the production distributions of agriculture and adopting the plant system of disaster-avoidance and disaster relief in the plain areas, is the second important aspect. The third key aspect is to accelerate the development speed and to enhance the application of sciences and technologies.