生态文明建设背景下江西省有色金属矿产开发生态影响能值分析

有色金属矿产开发在促进经济增长的同时,也带来诸多环境问题,在此现状下,如何评估由此造成的生态损失及系统的状态已成为研究的焦点。借助能值分析可衡量和比较不同类别、不同等级能量的真实价值这一特点,研究江西省有色金属矿产开发生态影响问题。对系统2009~2013年的能值总量、投入产出、生态损失进行核算,分析能值效率、生态效率指标变动趋势,并得出符合实际的生态补偿标准的制定依据。经过计算,2009~2013年江西省有色金属矿产开发能值自给率为0.65左右,整体变化幅度较小;能值投资率在0.23~0.31之间波动,处于较低水平;净能值产出率呈现先上升后下降的趋势;环境承载率整体较高,最低为138.01;可持续发展指数非常小,全部在0.02、0.03;生态补偿指数在62%~69%之间小幅波动。说明江西省有色金属矿产开发对当地的不可更新资源的依赖程度较高,虽然生产效率较高,但当前的生产利用活动已超出环境可承受的范围,系统不可持续发展。为改善环境2009~2013年各年应承担的生态补偿额分别为1.45×10~9元、1.49×10~9元、2.06×10~9元、2.59×10~9元、1.82×10~9元。

EMERGY ANALYSIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF NONFERROUS METALS IN JIANGXI PROVINCE UNDER THE BACKGROUND OF ECOLOGICAL CIVILIZATION CONSTRUCTION

The development of nonferrous metals not only promotes economic growth,but also brings many environmental problems,and the evaluation how minerals developing effect on ecological systems has been research hotspots recently.The emergy analysis is able to evaluate the real value of energies in different classes and levels.In this study,emergy analysis is applied to evaluate how the nonferrous metals development effect on the ecological environment in Jiangxi Province,China.The total amount of emergy,the system's input and output,and the ecological values between 2009 and 2013 were calculated separately,and the changing trend of emergy efficiency and ecological efficiency index were analyzed,thus the ecological compensation standards can be set up due to above emergy analysis.The results showed the self-sufficient emergy of the Jiangxi's nonferrous metal developments was about 0.65 during the studied period (2009-2013),the energy investment ratios fell into a low level and varied between 0.23-0.31,the net energy yield ratio exhibited rising up earlier but falling later.The Environmental loading abilities of the province are high and the lowest loading ratio was 138.01,but the sustainable development indicators were very low,which only accounted between 0.02 and 0.03,and the ecological compensation index fluctuated slightly between 62％-69％.All those results revealed that Jiangxi Province's nonferrous metal mineral exploitation relied heavily on local non-renewable resources.Although the production efficiency was little high,the current producing and utilizing activities have exceeded the environment's tolerance range and the whole system's development could not be sustainable.To improve the environmental qualities,the ecological compensation between 2009 and 2013 should be assigned with 1.45 × 109,1.49× 109,2.06× 109,2.59× 109 and 1.82× 109 Chinese Yuan,respectively.