Application of portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) for heavy metal analysis of soils in crop fields near abandoned mine sites |
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Authors: | Min Jang |
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Institution: | (1) Technology Cooperation Team, Institute of Mine Reclamation Technology, Korea Mine Reclamation Corporation (MIRECO), Coal Center, 30 Chungjin-dong Street, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-727, Republic of Korea |
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Abstract: | To get representative soil samples, a sampling method was verified for crop fields in the vicinity of abandoned mine sites.
Application of appropriate sampling or analytical methods is very important as it affects the costs, time, and accuracy of
the refined investigation of soil contamination. Two-time sampling for each crop field was conducted to verify the reproducibility
of a zigzag method for soil sampling. The soil analysis using a portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) device was conducted to
measure concentrations of metal species in soils, and its results were compared to the extracted concentrations by the Korean
Standard Test (KST) for soils. As a result, the determination coefficient (R
2) of linear regression analysis for data obtained by ex situ precise measurement or in situ field screening using pXRF was
closely related with the ratio of the extracted concentration by KST to interference-free detection limits (IFDL) of pXRF
(designated as KST/IFDL). As the specific metal species had a higher ratio of KST/IFDL, its R
2 was even higher in the field screening tests. However, the slopes of linear regression analysis for most metal species extracted
by aqua-regia were close to 1.0 so that extracted concentrations by aqua-regia were similar to the analytical values obtained
by pXRF, whereas extraction using a weak acid (0.1 M HCl) had different slopes for soils contaminated with different ranges
of concentrations of metal species. Especially Zn showed not only high ratios of KST/IFDL because of aqua regia extraction,
but also high determination coefficients. Because of its simple, rapid, and accurate capacities for metal analysis, the pXRF
analysis showed high applicability in ex situ precise measurements or in situ field screening of metal analysis. In terms
of applicability for regulation, especially in situ pXRF field screening with the zigzag method could be effectively applied
to achieve an economical survey by determining hot spots or non-contaminated areas if aqua-regia was applied as the extracting
agent in the KST for soils. |
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