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Flammability of hydrocarbon and carbon dioxide mixtures |
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| Authors: | SE Gant MR Pursell CJ Lea J Fletcher W Rattigan AM Thyer S Connolly |
| Institution: | 1. Health and Safety Laboratory, Harpur Hill, Buxton, SK17 9JN, United Kingdom;2. Lea CFD Associates Ltd., 12 Sheraton Way, Buxton, SK17 6FA, United Kingdom;3. Health and Safety Executive, Redgrave Court, Bootle, L20 7HS, United Kingdom;1. State Key Laboratory of coal mine disaster dynamics and control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China;2. School of Safety Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, PR China;3. School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, PR China;1. School of Safety Science & Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, 58, Yanta Mid. Rd., Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi, PR China;2. School of Safety Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, PR China;3. Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Industrial Process Safety & Emergency Rescue, 58, Yanta Mid. Rd., Xi''an 710054, Shaanxi, PR China;1. CMT, Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium;2. Theoretische Physik III, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany;3. Institut für Festkörpertheorie, Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany;4. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil |
| Abstract: | The effect of carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration on the ignition behaviour of hydrocarbon and CO2 gas mixtures is examined in both jets and confined explosions. Results from explosion tests are presented using a 20 l explosion sphere and an 8 m long section of 1.04 m diameter pipeline. Experiments to assess the flame stability and ignition probability in free-jets are reported for a range of different release velocities. An empirically-based flammability factor model for free-jets is also presented and results are compared to ignition probability measurements previously reported in the literature and those resulting from the present tests.The results help to understand how CO2 changes the severity of fires and explosions resulting from hydrocarbon releases. They also demonstrate that it is possible to ignite gas mixtures when the mean concentration is outside the flammable range. This information may be useful for risk assessments of offshore platforms involved in carbon sequestration or enhanced oil recovery, or in assessing the hazards posed by poorly-inerted hydrocarbon processing plant. |
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