The potential and economics of bioenergy in Finland |
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| Authors: | Pekka Peura Timo Hyttinen |
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| Institution: | 1. Division of Energy Technology, Department of Energy and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden;2. IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, PO Box 530 21, SE-400 14 Göteborg, Sweden;3. Division of Industrial Energy Systems and Technologies, Department of Energy and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden;1. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada;2. Rural Agri-Innovation Network, Sault Ste. Marie Innovation Centre, 1520 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 2G4, Canada;3. Agriculture and AgriFood Canada, 1 Airport Rd., Swift Current, SK S9H 3X2, Canada;4. Agriculture and AgriFood Canada, Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, 960 Carling Ave. Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada;5. Agriculture and AgriFood Canada, Research and Analysis Directorate, Floor 4, Tower 7, 1341 Baseline Road, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C5, Canada;1. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;2. Joint Center for Global Change Studies, Beijing 100875, China;3. State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;4. College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;1. Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India;2. Birla Institute of Management Technology (BIMTECH), Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201306, India;3. Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, Maurice Nagar, Roop Nagar, Delhi 110007, India;4. Separation & Conversion Technology, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, Mol 2400, Belgium;5. J.C. Bose University of Science and Technology, YMCA, Faridabad, Haryana 121006, India |
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| Abstract: | This article summarises the results from four studies on the potential of bioenergy, and one study on the economic feasibility of distributed renewable energy production, in Ostrobothnia, Finland. The scope of the studies was to explore the degree of energy self-sufficiency that could be achieved, and the economic implications and benefits.The results suggest that a great majority of rural areas have the potential for being self-sufficient in their energy production through bioenergy alone, but other renewable energy sources (RES), including for example wind and solar power, will make an even greater contribution in the future. This applies to areas especially outside the largest population centres and most energy intensive industries. Indeed, in peripheral regions the renewable energy potential far exceeds the energy demand, and the spatial coverage of energy self-sufficiency is huge. Other European and global studies also show tremendous RES potential.The economics of small scale power generation units, here represented by biogas plants, are already feasible, despite the technology still being at an early developmental phase. Diffusion of these technologies depends on a number of factors, but single and separate units are emerging all the time. The adoption of RES based energy management systems will however be a long social process.The results give rise to an expectation for more RES based energy generation in Ostrobothnia and Finland and even in Europe and globally. In a time frame of 20–30 years, this development may result in structural changes across the whole energy sector. This comprehensive movement can only be understood and supported by multi- and cross-scientific approaches, and it will in future be a challenge for forthcoming research. |
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