不同发展阶段煤炭资源型城市空间结构演化的对比研究——以淮南、淮北为例

通过追踪淮南、淮北城市空间扩展,对比分析了中兴期和枯竭衰退期煤炭资源型城市空间结构扩展过程、特征、影响因素,结果表明:煤炭资源城市空间形态较为分散,都会经历"相对紧凑→分散布局→再度集聚"的演化过程、具有沿交通线轴向延伸的共性;都会经历飞地拓展、轴向延伸、内向填充、区位再造4 个阶段,但无依托型煤炭资源城市初期还会经历缘矿建镇阶段;城市空间扩展总量、扩展速度、扩展强度方面又具有阶段性差异.城市规模的扩张主要依靠工业用地、居住用地、商业及公共设施用地的增长来推动,空间重构现象自20 世纪80 年代开始在逐步加强,并以居住用地取代工业用地、商业及公共服务用地取代居住用地两种形式为主.从影响因素角度看,资源禀赋与矿区开发建设、地形及地质条件、交通运输、技术进步、城市职能以及城市规划对煤炭资源型城市空间结构产生共性影响.

A Comparative Study on the Urban Spatial Structure Evolution of Different Kinds of Coal Resource-Based Cities: Taking Huainan and Huaibei as an Example

By comparing the urban spatial expansion processes of Huainan and Huaibei since they were established, the paper analyzes their differences in evolution processes, characteristics and influence factors. The results show that: the form of the coal resource-based city usually is more dispersed. They usually follow the processes from relative compact to scattered and finally compact again, and share the characteristics of expending along the traffic lines. They generally experience four stages—enclave expansion stage, axial extension stage, inner filling stage and regional reconstruction stage. But they have differences in the urban scale, expansion speed and expansion intensity during different stages. However they are similar in the internal spatial structure changes, that three kinds of land-uses, including industrial district, residential area, commercial and public facilities land, expand more quickly than others. The internal space reconstruction began in 1980s and has become more seriously since then. The residential area's replacing industrial district, and commercial and public facilities land's replacing residential area are main forms of the internal space reconstruction. We think the resource endowment, mining area construction,topographic and geological conditions, transportation, technological progress, city function and city planning should affect the coal resource- based cities' spatial structure equally.