A Typology of Collaboration Efforts in Environmental Management |
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Authors: | Richard D Margerum |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Planning, Public Policy and Management, 1209 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1209, USA |
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Abstract: | Collaboration involves stakeholders and the public in a process of consensus building to address some of the most difficult
environmental management problems facing society today. Collaborative groups vary widely, ranging from small watershed councils
to regional ecosystem collaboratives to groups addressing large-scale policy issues. While these collaboratives all match
the common principles of collaboration, a closer examination reveals many differences. Using institutional theories about
levels of decision making provides a way of classifying collaboratives along a spectrum from action level to organizational
level to policy level. This typology is applied to thirty-six collaboration case studies in Australia and the United States
that were investigated over a series of years through interviews, observation, document analysis, and surveys. The application
reveals different tendencies among the case types in terms of population, size, problem significance, institutional setting,
and focus of activities. The typology also reveals functional differences in the types of stakeholders involved, the management
arrangements for implementation, and the approaches to implementing change. This typology can help practitioners better understand
the challenges and appropriate types of collaborations for different settings. It helps highlight differences in the role
of government and decentralization of power. It distinguishes the different theoretical foundations for different types of
collaboratives. Finally, it elucidates the different evaluation approaches for different types of collaboratives. |
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Keywords: | Collaboration Ecosystem management Community based natural resources management Grass roots environmental management |
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