浑太河河流生态系统完整性评价体系的构建

河流健康评价是进行河流管理的重要工具.为了对浑太河进行全面准确的健康评价,基于65个采样点共45个候选指标构建具有生物完整性、物理完整性及化学完整性在内的河流IEI（index of ecological integrity,生态系统完整性）评价体系.根据栖息地综合质量评估和水质等级确定参考样点和受损样点,通过筛选候选指标获得构建IEI评价体系的核心指标并进行标准化处理,按照层次分析法将三部分指标分别赋予不同的权重,运用比值法及分位数法算出各采样点的得分,最终得出浑太河的健康评价结果.为验证IEI评价体系的优势及结果的可靠性,将IEI、SFA（single factor assessment,单因子评价）、F-IBI（fish index of biological intergrity,鱼类生物完整性）3种评价结果进行对比分析.结果表明:①雅罗鱼亚科百分比、鲤亚科百分比、杂食性鱼类百分比、护卵行为鱼类百分比、流速、底质含沙量比例、草地面积、ρ（TN）、ρ（TP）、ρ（COD_Mn）、电导率及ρ（SS）可作为构建IEI评价体系的12个核心指标.②IEI评价结果显示,"健康"样点占24.62%,"较好"样点占9.20%,"一般"样点占6.15%,"较差"样点占60.03%.浑太河水生态健康状况整体较差,中上游地区的水生态健康状况优于下游地区,太子河的水生态健康状况优于浑河.③IEI、F-IBI、SFA评价结果在一般以下样点分别占66.18%、67.70%、63.08%,3种评价结果在全河流范围内大体一致,但在点源污染的采样点,IEI评价结果更贴近采样点的实际情况,更为客观.研究显示,构建的IEI评价体系适用于浑太河的健康评价. 

Construction of an Evaluation System to Assess the Ecosystem Integrity of the Hun-Tai River

River health assessments are important tools for river management. To accurately evaluate the health condition of the Hun-Tai River basin, we formulated an index of ecological integrity in terms of chemistry, physics, and hydrobiology. This index was based on 65 sampling points and 45 candidate indicators. The core habitat and water quality assessments were used to determine the reference and interfered points, by selecting a potential index for the construction of an IEI. The core indicators and standardization included four parts and were analyzed by an analytic hierarchy process:we assigned them different weights using the ratio and the quantile methods. The condition of the Hun-Tai River was evaluated based on the score of each point. To verify the advantages of the IEI and its reliability, the IEI results were compared with those of a single factor assessment (SFA) and with the index of fish biological integrity (F-IBI). The percentage of Leuciscinae, percentage of Cyprininae, percentage of omnivorous fish, percentage of fish egg-protection, velocity, sediment concentration ratio, grassland area, total nitrogen, permanganate index, conductivity, and suspended solids represented the 12 core indicators of the IEI evaluation system. The IEI results indicated that the 'healthy' points accounted for 24.62% and the 'better' points for 9.20%; furthermore, the 'average' points accounted for 6.15% and the 'poor' points accounted for 60.03%. The health condition of the Hun-Tai River basin appeared generally poor. The ecological health of the middle and upper reaches was better than that of the lower reaches; moreover, the ecological health of the Taizi River was better than that of the Hunhe River. The results of the IEI (66.18%), F-IBI (67.70%), and SFA (63.08%), were below the 'general' point. The three kinds of evaluation results were generally consistent throughout the basin. The study showed that the IEI is applicable to the health assessment of the Hun-Tai River Basin.