国际标准差异对产品碳足迹核算的影响分析——以胶版印刷纸为例

产品碳足迹以碳标签的形式日益广泛地应用于产品供应链,通过影响企业和消费者行为而有效地促进全球碳减排.然而产品碳足迹核算标准种类繁多,不同标准对产品碳足迹的核算规定存在差异,致使其核算结果难于有效对比.本文以胶版印刷纸为例,对比分析了目前最权威的3个国际标准PAS2050、GHG Protocol和ISO14067,识别了三者对于8点产品碳足迹核算要素的不同规定,定量解析了标准差异对产品碳足迹核算的影响.结果表明,3个标准规定的差异可导致产品碳足迹核算结果产生较大的不确定性,GHG Protocol和ISO14067结果分别比PAS2050高61%和49%,其中,"碳存储、消费者交通、固定资产和延迟排放加权影响"4个方面的差异对案例产品碳足迹影响最为显著.因此,按照产品类别制定统一的核算要求是碳标签交流对比的基本前提,明晰的标准规定是降低核算结果不确定性的必要途径.

Analyze the impact of different international standards on product carbon footprint assessment: An example of uncoated printing paper

Carbon labelling is a marketable expression of the product carbon footprint, which has gained increasing attention of companies and consumers in recent years. Carbon labeling can effectively mitigate global climate change by quantifying the greenhouse gas emissions along product''s life-cycle (i.e., product carbon footprint), and promote the behavior of enterprises and individuals through the supply chains and consumption. However, product carbon footprint assessment relies on the specific accounting standards. There are many different kinds of product carbon footprint standards around the world, which hold different accounting rules. Thus, it is difficult to compare the results with each other. Here, we compared the three most popular international standards, which are PAS2050, GHG Protocol and ISO14067, and identified eight aspects that these three standards had different requirements on, and took the uncoated printing paper as an example to quantify the impact of the different regulations between these standards. These differences are proved to be significant to the accounting results of carbon footprint of uncoated printing paper, i.e., the results calculated by GHG Protocol and ISO14067 are 61% and 49% higher than that by PAS2050 respectively; and the differences in "carbon storage, consumer transportation, capital goods and delayed emission weighted impact" have significant impacts on the carbon footprint of uncoated printing paper. We suggested, a unified accounting standard based on the product category is basic to the comparison of carbon labels, and more clear provisions of standards are necessary to reduce the uncertainty of product carbon footprints.