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Trifluoroacetic acid in ancient freshwater
Institution:1. Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;2. National Water Research Institute, Environment Canada, 867 Lakeshore Drive, Burlington, Canada L7R 4A6;3. Ford Research Laboratory, SRL-3083 Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, MI 48121-2053, USA;1. College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China;2. Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China;1. Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada;2. Department of Civil Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada;1. Toxicological Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium;3. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, 22-1 Tamagawa-cho, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 815-8511, Japan;4. School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States;1. Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto − Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal;2. Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto − Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313–Porto, Portugal;3. Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto − Rua do Campo Alegre 790, 4150-171–Porto, Portugal;4. Research Centre on Health and Environment, Department of Environmental Health, School of Allied Health Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Porto − Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal;5. Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra − Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456–Coimbra, Portugal;1. MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environment Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China;3. Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes & Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Yantai, 264003, China;1. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, 76021, Germany;2. W.L. Gore & Associates, Inc., Elkton, MD, 21901, USA
Abstract:Substantial concentrations (typically 10–100 ng/l) of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) have been reported in contemporary saltwater and freshwater. It is well established that TFA is produced as the result of industrial activities. It is unclear whether there are any significant natural sources of this compound. To provide insight into the likely magnitude of possible natural sources of TFA we collected five samples of pre-industrial (>2000 year old) freshwater from Greenland and Denmark; there was no detectable TFA (<2 ng/l) in any of these samples. The available data suggest that TFA is not a naturally occurring trace component of the freshwater environment.
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