PM10 measurements at McMurdo Station,Antarctica |
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| Institution: | 1. State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China;2. CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, PR China;3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China;4. Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China;5. School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang 453007, PR China;1. Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation & Environmental Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China;2. Computational Genomics, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld 33615, Germany;3. Center Algatech, Institute of Microbiology CAS, T?eboň 37981, Czech Republic;1. School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400045, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;3. State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China |
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| Abstract: | PM10 aerosols at McMurdo Station, Antarctica were sampled continuously during the austral summers of 1995–1996 and 1996–1997. PM10 (particles with aerodynamic diameters less than 10 μm) mass concentrations at Hut Point, located less than 1 km from downtown McMurdo, averaged 3.4 μg m?3, more than an order of magnitude lower than the USEPA annual average National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) of 50 μg m?3. Concentrations of methanesulfonate and nitrate were similar to those measured at other Antarctic coastal sites. Non-sea-salt sulfate (NSS) concentrations on Ross Island were higher than those found at other coastal locations. The average elemental carbon concentration (129 ng m?3) downwind of the station was two orders of magnitude higher than those measured at remote coastal and inland Antarctic sites during summer. Average sulfur dioxide concentrations (746 ng m?3) were 3–44 times higher than those reported for coastal Antarctica. Concentrations of Pb and Zn were 17 and 46 times higher than those reported for the South Pole. A methanesulfonate to biogenic sulfate ratio (R) of 0.47 was derived that is consistent with the proposed temperature dependence of R. |
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