Long-term changes of ozone and traffic in Bilbao |
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| Institution: | 1. Fluid Mechanics Department, University of the Basque Country, ESI de Bilbao,C/Alda, Urkijo, s/n, 48013 Bilbao, Spain;2. University of the Basque Country, ESI de Bilbao,C/Alda, Urkijo, s/n, 48013 Bilbao, Spain;3. University of the Basque Country, EUITI, La Casilla, 48012 Bilbao, Spain;4. Osakidetza, Basurto Hospital, 48013 Bilbao, Spain;1. The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;2. Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia;3. WA Centre for Health & Ageing (M577), The University of Western Australia, Level 6, Ainslie House, 48 Murray St, Perth, WA 6000, Australia;4. University of South Florida, 13201 Bruce Downs Blvd. MDC 56, Tampa, FL 33612-3805, United States;5. School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia;6. Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fremantle and Fiona Stanley Hospitals, Perth, WA, Australia |
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| Abstract: | It is well known that ozone levels are the result of the interaction among emissions of VOC's and NOx, on the one hand, and meteorological effects on the other hand. In this work, using the low-pass KZ filter developed by Kolmogorov and Zurbenko, the original time series consisting of the logarithm of daily maximum ozone concentrations measured at three locations in the Bilbao area, are splitted into long-term, seasonal and short-term effects. Next, meteorological effects are moderated or removed from filtered ozone series using multiple linear regression. The long-term evolution of ozone forming capability due to changes in precursor emissions can be obtained applying the KZ filter to the residuals of this regression.The present work is an application of the widely used and well known KZ filter technique and focuses on analyzing the joint evolution of the long-term components of ozone time series on the one hand, and mean traffic in the Bilbao area (Spain) on the other hand during years 1993, 1994, 1995 and 1996.To that end, regression analysis between the long-term fractions of ozone and traffic has been performed. The results show that long-term changes of the mean traffic flow are responsible for the long-term changes in ozone forming capability due to changes in precursor emissions of the area. Long-term trend of daily mean traffic can explain between 81% and 99.6% of the total variance of long-term ozone changes at the three locations of Bilbao studied. |
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