Measurement of emission and deposition patterns of ammonia from urine in grass swards |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of mathematical sciences, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P. O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;2. Department of Nutrition, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq;3. Mathematics Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia;4. Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Umm Al-Qura University, KSA, Makkah, Saudi Arabia;5. Mathematics Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University, P. O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;6. Physics Department, College of Science, Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, AL-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan;2. Innovative Design and Technology Inc., 1123-8 Nakajo, Hamakita-ku, Hamamatsu 434-0043, Japan;3. School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, Hubei 430023, China |
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| Abstract: | Currently, legislation is being considered to reduce NH3 emissions in the UK. The major sources of NH3 and their relative contributions are well known, however, the processes that control the rates of emission are still poorly defined. A series of wind-tunnel experiments has been carried out to determine the effects of various management practices on NH3 losses. The tunnels were modified to enable NH3 emission and subsequent deposition to the adjacent swards in the field to be measured. The wind-tunnels were used to examine the effects of herbage length, cutting and N status on rates of NH3 fluxes, which together with the prevailing environmental conditions affected the rates of NH3 emission and deposition. Results showed that between 20 and 60% of the NH3 emitted was deposited within 2 m. Compensation points of between 1.0 and 2.3 μg m?3 were calculated for the grass sward. |
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