Isoprene emission capacity for US tree species |
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| Institution: | 1. National Risk Management Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA;2. National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80303, USA;1. Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;2. Center for Environmental Innovation Design for Sustainability, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;3. Chemistry and Environment Science College, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China;4. School of Science, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Nepal;1. Climate Change Research Center, Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100029, China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;3. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing, 210044, China;1. CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, E08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain;2. CREAF, E08193, Cerdanyola, Catalonia, Spain;1. Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, China;2. Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China;3. Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, SE22362, Sweden;4. Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK2100, Denmark;5. Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK1350, Denmark;1. Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, P.O.Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, Finland;2. Department of Forest Sciences, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014 Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland;3. Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, P.O.Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, University of Eastern Finland, Finland;4. Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/ Forest sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland;5. V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS, Russia |
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| Abstract: | Isoprene emission capacity measurements are presented from 18 North American oak (Quercus) species and species from six other genera previously found to emit significant quantities of isoprene. Sampling was conducted at physiographically diverse locations in North Carolina, Central California, and Northern Oregon. Emissions from several sun leaves of each species were measured at or near standard conditions (leaf temperature of 30°C and photosynthetically active radiation of 1000 μmol m?2 s?1) using environmentally controlled cuvette systems and gas chromatography with reduction gas detectors. Species mean emission capacity ranged from 39 to 158 μg C g?1 h?1 (mean of 86), or 22 to 79 nmol m?2 s?1 (mean of 44). These rates are 2–28 times higher than those previously reported from the same species, which were summarized in a recent study where isoprene emission rates were assigned based on published data and taxonomy. These discrepancies were attributed to differences in leaf environment during development, measurement technique (branch or plant enclosure versus leaf enclosure), and lack of environmental measurements associated with some of the earlier branch enclosure measurements. Mass-based emission capacities for 15 of 18 oak species, sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), and poplars (Populus trichocarpa and P. deltoides) were within ranges used in current biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emission models, while measured rates for the remaining three oak species, Nyssa sylvatica, Platanus occidentalis, Robinia pseudoacacia, Salix nigra, and Populus hybrids (Populus trichocarpa × P. deltoides) were considerably higher. In addition, mean specific leaf mass of the oak species was 30% higher than assumed in current emission models. Emission rates reported here and in other recent studies support recent conclusions that isoprene emission capacities for sun leaves of high emitting species may be better represented by a value of 100±50 μg C g?1 h?1 during hot summer conditions. We also find that intermediate isoprene emission rates previously suggested for some tree species may not represent their true emission capacities, and that broadleaf plant species may have either low (<1.0 μg C g?1 h?1) or very high (～100 μg C g?1 h?1) genetic capacity to emit isoprene when mature foliage is exposed to a high ambient temperature and light environment. |
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