Sensitivity of nitrogen dioxide concentrations to oxides of nitrogen controls in the United Kingdom |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute for Environmental Policy, UCL, 29-30 Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9QU, UK;2. Meteorological Office, London Road, Bracknell, Berkshire, RG12 2SZ, UK;1. Biofouling and Biofilm Processes Section, Water and Steam Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu 603 102, India;2. Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India;3. Marine Biotechnology Division, Earth System Sciences Organization - National Institute of Ocean Technology, Pallikaranai, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 100, India;1. Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada;2. Air Quality Research Division, Environment Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;3. Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, USA;4. Goddard Earth Sciences Technology and Research, Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD 21046, USA;5. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA;6. Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, 50 University Hall MC7360, Berkeley, CA, USA;7. School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada;8. Population Studies Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada;1. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera (CIMA/CONICET-UBA), DCAO/FCEN, UMI-IFAECI/CNRS, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, Piso 2. 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Avellaneda Regional Faculty, National Technological University, CONICET, Av. Ramón Franco 5050, 1874, Avellaneda, Buenos Aires, Argentina;1. GEAA - Grupo de Estudios Atmosféricos y Ambientales, UTN-FRM - Universidad Tecnológica Nacional - Facultad Regional Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina;2. CONICET - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina;3. ANPCyT - Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina |
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| Abstract: | There is a possibility of further controls on emissions to the atmosphere of nitrogen oxides to meet air quality objectives in the UK. Data in the National Air Quality Archive were used to calculate the likely sensitivity of hourly concentrations of nitrogen dioxide in ambient urban air to changes in the total oxides of nitrogen. Since the role of atmospheric chemical reactions is to make the response non-linearly dependent on the emissions control, we seek to establish the magnitude and sign of the effects that this non-linearity might cause. We develop a quantitative approach to analysing the non-linearity in the data. Polynomial curve fits have been developed for the empirical ratio NO2 : NOx (the ‘yield’). They describe nitrogen dioxide concentrations using total oxides of nitrogen. The new functions have the important feature of increased yield in winter episodes. Simpler functions tend to omit this feature of the yields at the highest hourly concentrations. Based on this study, the hourly nitrogen dioxide objective in the UK may require emissions control of no more than ≈50% on total oxides of nitrogen at the most polluted sites: other sites require less or even no control. |
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