Composition of extractable organic matter of air particles from rural and urban Portuguese areas |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Environment and Planning, Campus de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;2. Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;1. Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan;2. Department of Chemistry, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Gulshan-Iqbal, Karachi, Pakistan;3. National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan;4. Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yang Qiao West Road Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China;1. Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas;2. Renal Section Medicine Service, South Texas Veteran Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas;3. Department of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy;4. School of Health Professions, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas;5. Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas;7. Nephrology and Hypertension Unit, Western Galilee Hospital, Nahariya, Israel;11. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas;12. Department of Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy;1. School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and technology, Shanghai 200093, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China;3. Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;4. Department of Geography, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China;5. School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK;1. Bioforsk – Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, Postvegen 213, 4353 Klepp, Norway;2. Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, 7491 Trondheim, Norway;3. Laboratory of Basic Research in Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;1. Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznan, Poland;2. Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Piątkowska 94C, 60-649 Poznan, Poland;3. Department of Trace Element Analysis by Spectroscopy Method, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89 P, 61-614 Poznan, Poland;4. Department of General and Environmental Microbiology Poznan University of Life Sciences, Szydłowska 50, 60-656 Poznan, Poland;1. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167 Hannover, Germany;2. Riemann Center for Geometry and Physics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167 Hannover, Germany |
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| Abstract: | Atmospheric particulate matter (PM10) was collected simultaneously at three sites in the West Coast of Portugal, during an intensive campaign in August 1996. The sites were located in line with the breezes blowing from the sea. The collected aerosol was analysed in relation to black and organic carbon content. The particulate organic matter was extracted with solvents and characterised by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Most of the organic mass identified consists of alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), ketones, aldehydes, alcohols and fatty acids with both biogenic and anthropogenic origin. Many photochemical products from volatile organic compounds emitted by vegetation were also detected. Biomarkers such as 6,10,14-trimethylpentadecanone, abieta-8,11,13-trien-7-one and Patchouli alcohol were observed at higher concentrations in the rural sites. Samples from the urban site present lower values of “carbon preference index” and higher concentrations of petrogenic/pyrogenic species, such as PAH. The PM10 concentrations and the total organic extract measured for the more interior site were generally lower, indicating that dispersion and dry deposition into the forest canopy were more important during the transport of the air masses than aerosol production by condensation and photochemical reactions. On the contrary, the ratio between organic and black carbon was, in general, lower at sites near the coast, especially for compounds that evaporate at lower temperatures. The organic aerosol composition also seems to be strongly dependent on the meteorology. |
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