Very high weight ratios of S/K in individual haze particles over Kalimantan during the 1997 Indonesian forest fires |
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| Institution: | 1. Meteorological Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0052, Japan;2. CSIRO, PMB 1, Aspendale, Vic., 3195, Australia;3. Meteorological and Geophysical Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia;1. Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg (TUBAF), Institute of Thermal-, Environmental‐ and Resources‘ Process Engineering (ITUN), Leipziger Strasse 28, 09599 Freiberg, Germany;2. Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Lehrstuhl für Technische Thermodynamik (LTT), Am Weichselgarten 8, 91058 Erlangen, Germany;3. Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Paul-Gordan-Strasse 6, 91052 Erlangen, Germany;4. Université d‘Aix Marseille, Marseille, France;1. Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, PR China;2. Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, PR China;3. College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541100, PR China;4. Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, PR China;5. Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, PR China;1. Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China;2. Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China;3. Zhuhai Center for Chronic Disease Control, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519060, China;4. Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China;5. Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China;6. South China Institute of Environmental Sciences (SCIES), Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP), Guangzhou, 510655, China;1. Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China;2. Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA;3. Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Patra, Greece;4. Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), FORTH, Patra, Greece;5. RJ Lee Group, Inc., Monroeville, USA |
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| Abstract: | The elemental composition of individual aerosol particles of 0.15–3 μm radius, collected over Kalimantan during the 1997 Indonesian forest fire event, was analyzed using a transmission electron microscope equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDX). Although 60–90% of the particles collected at altitudes of 1–5 km contained K, they exhibited high weight ratios of S/K with median values of 9–18 independent of particle size. These were much larger than those (median values of 2–4) obtained from the forest fires in northern Australia. The high weight ratios over Kalimantan are considered to be due to the heterogeneous growth of particles through the oxidation of SO2. In addition to SO2 from the combustion of forest biomass, SO2 originating from the combustion of peat below the ground is believed to have been important in producing the high S/K ratios. |
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