Mixing properties of individual submicrometer aerosol particles in Vienna |
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| Institution: | 1. Meteorological Research Institute, 1-1 Nagamine, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0052, Japan;2. Institute for Experimental Physics, University of Vienna, Strudlhofgasse 4, A-1090 Vienna, Austria;1. Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China;2. University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;3. CAS Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China;4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;1. Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 46 Ulyanov Str., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia;2. Leibniz-Institute of Atmospheric Physics at the University Rostock in Kühlungsborn, Schloss-Str. 6, 18225 Ostseebad Kühlungsborn, Germany;3. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, 23 Prospekt Gagarina, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia;1. Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, United States;2. NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, United States;3. GATS Inc., Hampton, VA, United States;4. Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria;5. MISU, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden;1. Marine Scotland Science, Marine Laboratory, 375 Victoria Road, Aberdeen, AB11 9DB, UK;2. National Oceanography Centre, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK;3. Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK;1. Institute of Geography, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 19a, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany;2. Senckenberg Naturhistorische Sammlungen Dresden, Museum für Mineralogie und Geologie, Sektion Geochronologie, Königsbrücker Landstrasse 159, D-01109, Dresden, Germany;3. Institute of Geography, University of Technology Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 10, D – 04069, Dresden, Germany |
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| Abstract: | Individual aerosol particles were collected on 5 days with different meteorological conditions in March, April and June 1991 in the urban atmosphere of Vienna in Austria. The samples collected with an impactor were examined by electron microscopy. The mixing properties of submicrometer aerosol particles with radii between 0.1 and 1 μm were studied by using the dialysis (extraction) of water-soluble material. The averaged results showed that more than 85% of particles with radii between 0.1 and 0.7 μm were hygroscopic. However, more than 50% of particles with radii larger than 0.2 μm were mixed particles (hygroscopic particles with water-insoluble inclusions), and they were dominant (80%) in the size range 0.5–0.7 μm radius. The results also showed that the number proportion of mixed particles increased with increasing radius and the abundance increased with increasing particle loading in the atmosphere. The volume fraction of water-soluble material (ε) in mixed particles tended to decrease with increasing radius, implying the formation of mixed particles by heterogeneous processes such as condensation and/or surface reaction. Some results of elemental composition in individual particles analyzed with an energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyzer equipped with an electron microscope are also presented in this paper. |
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