Testing Re-entrained Aerosol Kinetic Emissions from Roads : a new approach to infer silt loading on roadways |
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| Institution: | 1. Desert Research Institute, Division of Atmospheric Sciences, 755 E. Flamingo Rd., Las Vegas, NV 89119, USA;2. Dames & Moore, Las Vegas, NV 89119, USA;3. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Las Vegas, NV 89119, USA;1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China;2. China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan, 030024, China;1. University Gustave Eiffel, GERS-GIE, Allée des Ponts et Chaussées, 44344 Bouguenais, France;2. ESTACA West Campus, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rue Georges Charpak, 53000 Laval, France;3. University Gustave Eiffel, GERS-SRO, Boulevard Newton, 77447 Champs sur Marne, France;4. University Gustave Eiffel, AME-EASE, 25 Avenue François, Mitterrand, 69675 Bron, France;1. Department of Geography, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 21, 55128, Mainz, Germany;2. Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences (CzechGlobe), 60300, Brno, Czech Republic;1. Desert Research Institute, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512, USA;2. Desert Research Institute, 755 E. Flamingo Road, Las Vegas, NV 89119, USA;3. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354, USA;1. Centre for Atmospheric and Instrumentation Research (CAIR), University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL10 9AB, United Kingdom;2. School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India |
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| Abstract: | PM10 and PM2.5 emissions from roadways are currently estimated using the silt loading on the road surface as a surrogate for the emissions potential of road dust. While the United States Environmental Protection Agency prescribes this method in AP-42, there is considerable cost associated with silt loading measurements; it is feasible to sample only a small portion of a roadway network. A new approach for measuring the concentration of suspendable PM10 above road surfaces has been developed to obtain a more spatially representative estimate of a road's potential to emit dust. The Testing Re-entrained Aerosols Kinetic Emissions from Roads (TRAKER) system uses real-time aerosol sensors mounted on a vehicle to measure the concentration of dust suspended from the road while the vehicle is in motion. When coupled with a Global Positioning System (GPS) instrument, TRAKER can be used to efficiently survey the changes in suspendable particles due to varying road conditions over a large spatial domain.In a recent study on paved roads in Las Vegas, the TRAKER system was compared with collocated silt loading measurements. The TRAKER system was also used to survey the relative amounts of suspendable road dust on approximately 300 miles of paved roads. The system provides a unique perspective on road dust sources and their spatial distribution.Results of this study indicated that the difference of the PM10 concentrations measured behind the tire and on the hood is exponentially related to vehicle speed. This was an interesting finding because current AP-42 road dust emissions estimation methods do not include vehicle speed as a factor in the emissions calculations. The experiment also demonstrated that the distribution of suspendable material on roadways is highly variable and that a large number of samples are needed to represent road dust emissions potential on an urban scale for a variety of road and activity conditions. |
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