Study of size distribution of atmospheric aerosol at Agra |
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| Affiliation: | 1. College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Research Institute of Environmental Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;2. Department of Environmental Engineering, Kun Shan University, Tainan City 71003, Taiwan;3. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;1. Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;3. State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;4. CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;5. Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Sammonkatu 12, FIN-50130 Mikkeli, Finland;1. College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China;2. International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China;3. College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China;4. Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, University of Houston-Clear Lake, Houston, TX, 77058, USA;5. School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China;1. Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan;2. Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan;3. Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, USA;4. Center for Air Resources Engineering and Science and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA;5. Department of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan;6. Institute of Environmental Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan;1. School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, 176215, India;2. Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Bagla (RahyaSuchani), Samba, Jammu (J&K), 181143, India;3. Bioremediation and Metabolomics Research Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Temporary Academic Block-Shahpur, District-Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, 176206, India |
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| Abstract: | Measurements on size distribution of atmospheric aerosol were made at Dayalbagh, Agra during July to September 1998. A 4-stage cascade particle sampler (CPS - 105) which fractionates particles in sizes ranging between 0.7 and >10.9 μm, was used. Samples were collected on Whatman 41 filters. The filters were analyzed for the major water-soluble ions. The anions (F, Cl, NO3 and SO4) were analyzed by Dionex DX-500 ion chromatograph while atomic absorption and colorimetric techniques were used for the analysis of cations (Na, K, Ca and Mg) and NH4, respectively. The average mass of aerosol was found to be 131.6 μg m−3 and aerosol composition was found to be influenced by terrigeneous sources. The mass size distribution of total aerosol and the ions NH4, Cl, NO3, K, Ca, Mg, SO4 and Na was bimodal while that of F was unimodal. SO4, F, K and NH4 dominated in the fine mode while Ca, Mg, Cl and NO3 were in abundance in coarse fraction. Na was found in both coarse as well as fine mode. Coarse mode SO4 and NO3 have been ascribed to contribution from re-suspension of soil and formation by heterogeneous oxidation on soil derived particles. Preponderance of K in fine mode is attributed to emissions from vegetation and from burning of plant materials. Ca, Mg, Cl and NO3 are largely soil derived and hence dominate in coarse fraction. Equivalent ratios of NH4/(SO4+NO3) were calculated for both fine and coarse aerosols. The coarse mode ratio varied between 0.7 and 1.4 while in fine mode it ranged between 1.4 and 1.9. It shows that aerosol is basic, the basicity of coarse mode is due to higher concentration of soil-derived alkaline components while the basicity in fine mode is due to neutralization of acidity by NH3. |
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