中国职业安全卫生概论及建筑业安全生产经验

保护劳动者在劳动过程中的安全与健康,明载于《中华人民共和国宪法》,是我国的一项基本国策,中国政府为贯彻执行这一国策,在职业安全卫生工作中实行了“安全第一,预防为主”的方针,实行了“国家劳动安全监察制度”,建立了国家监察、检测检验、宣传教育、科学研究和信息的五大保证系统,并加快了职业安全卫生立法工作的进程,为降低伤亡事故,改善劳动条件做出了很大的贡献。随着经济建设的迅速发展,中国大陆的建筑队伍不断扩大。为确保建筑施工安全,国家对建筑队伍、对起重机械和机动车辆、对建筑企业经理与特殊工种的操作人员、对施工现场均采取了一系列行之有效的安全监察措施,促进了建筑安全工作的开展。

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH IN CHINA AND EXPERIENCE FOR SAFE OPERATION IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

To ensure the safety and health of the labour force when carrying out their work is a basic policy of the State and is clearly stated in the Constitution of the People's Republic of China. In order to carry out this solemn stipulation as provided by the Constitution, the Chinese Government has implemented the overall policy of "Putting Safety and Prevention First", has practised the system of supervision of state labour safety, has established 5 major working systems based on the system of supervision with a view to enhancing the effective development of occupational safty and health supervision: System of supervision、Testing and inspection、Publicity system、System of intelligence and information、Scientific research system. The Chinese Government has also achieved much remarkable progress in legislative work. As for China, following the rapid development of national economy since open to the outside world, the size of construction teams has grown bigger and bigger. In order to ensure safety in construction, many supervision measures have been practised in China, such as, the examination of safety to construction teams, safety inspection of lifting equipment and mechanical vehicles used in construction, strengthening the safety training and assessment for managers and special kinds of workers in construction enterprises, enhancing safety supervision in construction sites. These measures are important means of the labour authorities to develop construction safety supervision.