爆炸事故及预防

为了促进我国的爆炸安全研究工作更深入发展,本文列出了利用爆炸激波管技术测定氢气、汽油、铝粉等可爆性物质的爆炸特性。研究表明:这些可爆性物质在一定条件都能形成破坏力极大的爆轰现象。实验确定了氢、汽油和氧混合物的可爆(轰)极限、可燃性极限、混合物临界初始压力等爆炸临界条件。控制可爆性物质的初始条件不超过其爆炸临界条件,能够防止爆轰或爆燃现象发生;添加不参加反应的物质(如氩气、氮气、水蒸汽等)能够使已达到爆炸条件的混合物阻爆。本文的数据可供有关部门参考。

EXPLOSION EVENTS AND PROTECTION

In order to further develop researches of explosion safety in China, explosion behaviours of explosible matters,for example hydrogen,gasoline,aluminium dust,etc,are measured by means of techniques of explosion shock tube, the results show that the deto～nation which may generate serious dangers can be formed in these explosible matters under certain condition, Critical explosion conditions of the detonability limit,combustibility limit,critical initial pressure,etc,for the mixtures of hydrogen and oxygen or of gasoline and oxygen are experimentally determined. Both the detonation and the deflagration can be protected,if initial con ～ditions for explosible matters don't exceed its critical explosion conditions. Both the detonation and the deflagration for mixtures which have arrived at explosible conditions can also be prevented, as inert materials(for example argon, nitrogen, vapour)add to the explosible matters. The data measured in this paper may be available for reference for some departments.