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Duckweed: an effective tool for phyto-remediation
Authors:Charu Gupta  Dhan Prakash
Institution:1. Amity Institute for Herbal Research and Studies, Amity University, Noida, Indiacgupta@amity.edu;3. Amity Institute for Herbal Research and Studies, Amity University, Noida, India
Abstract:Effective wastewater treatment through conventional methods that rely on heavy aeration are expensive to install and operate. Duckweed is capable of recovering or extracting nutrients or pollutants and is an excellent candidate for bio-remediation of wastewaters. Such plants grow very fast, utilizing wastewater nutrients and also yield cost effective protein-rich biomass as a by-product. Duckweeds being tiny surface-floating plants are easy to harvest and have an appreciable amount of protein (15%–45% dry mass basis) and a lower fiber (7%–14% dry mass basis) content. Besides nutrient extraction, duckweeds has been found to reduce total suspended solids, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand in wastewater significantly. Depending on the initial concentrations of nutrients, duckweed-covered systems can remove nitrate (NO3?) at daily rates of 120–590 mg NO3? m?2 (73%–97% of initial concentration) and phosphate (PO4?) at 14–74 mg PO4? m?2 (63%–99% of initial concentration). Removal efficiencies within 3 days of 96% and 99% have been reported for BOD and ammonia (NH3). Besides several genera of duckweeds (Spirodela, Lemna, Wolffia), other surface-floating aquatic plants like water hyacinth (Eichhornia) are well known for their phyto-remediation qualities.
Keywords:non-conventional  duckweed  nutrient recycling  nutrition  phyto-remediation  wastewater management
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