试论肥料对农业与环境的影响

以肥料的发展先后，将肥料的发展历史分为有机时代、无机时代和有机无机复合时代；论述肥料对农业和环境的影响，并对未来肥料的发展提出预测和展望。从长远的发展来看，生物肥料不仅可以节省自然资源，而且还可在有机无机复合肥和控释肥料的基础上，以有机复合肥作为基质，利用控释肥料的包膜剂、粘着剂等进行生物肥料优化组合；可以说生物复合肥料将是未来肥料发展的主流。可以预料，未来肥料是实现清洁生产、物质循环、持续发展的中心环节。它不仅可以消纳转化上农业生产和现代生活所产生的废物，而且它所投入的有机复合肥，也是一种对环境友好的绿色肥料。

Effects of fertilizer on agriculture and environment

In this paper, the author divides the developing history of fertilizers into the era of organic fertilizers, the era of inorganic fertilizers and the era of organic-inorganic composing, and discusses the effects of various fertilizers in the history on agriculture and the environment, and gives a prediction and an outlook for the fertilizer development in the future. From a long-term point of view, biological fertilizer not only can save natural resources, but also can control the nutrient release by using coated agents. Biological composed fertilizer will be the major one for the development of fertilizers in the future. It can be predicted that, future fertilizer will be a key link in realizing the clean production, substance circulation, and sustainable development. It not only can digest and transform the waste produced by industrial and agricultural production and modern life, but also can be a friendly green fertilizer to the environment with the input of the organic composed fertilizer. It will co-exist and develop harmoniously with the environment, and establish a new green civilization of the mankind in the future.