石油污染土壤的生态效应及修复技术研究

以玉米和向日葵为研究对象,通过田间试验研究了石油污染土壤对植物生长的影响及两种植物对石油污染土壤的修复作用;考察了节细菌(DX-9)对玉米,向日葵植物修复的强化和协同效应;探讨了石油烃在植物不同部位的残留量。结果表明:在土壤石油烃含量初始值为10000mg/kg时,玉米、向日葵生物量分别减少14.5%和21.0%。150d土壤中石油烃降解率分别为42.5%和46.4%,较对照区提高了100.5%和118.9%;节细菌的施加使两种植物的降解率分别提高到72.8%和76.4%。石油烃在玉米的根、茎、叶、芯和籽仁中的含量较对照区分别增加了19.4%、0.8%、0.7%、1.3%和14.8%,在向日葵的根、茎、叶、葵盘和籽仁中的含量分别增加了184.5%、1.2%、1.1%、2.3%和31.2%。结论表明:石油污染土壤对玉米,向日葵生长性状和籽仁质量有显著影响;玉米或向日葵与节细菌(DX-9)联合进行石油污染土壤的生物修复效果显著;石油烃在植物各部位均有不同程度的残留,根部残留量最大。

Ecological Effect and Bioremediation of Petroleum-contaminated Soil

Taking corn and sunflower as sample,the effect of petroleum contaminated soil on plants growth and bioremediafion of two plants to petroleum contaminated soil through field experiment was studied.The reinforcing and coordinating role of DX-9 to bioremediation of corn and sunflower were discussed and petrolic residual quantity in various parts of plants was investigated.Results showed that under initial concentration of 10,000mg/kg,biomass of corn and sunflower reduced by 14.5% and 21.0% respectively,and removal efficiency of petroleum in soil after 150days can reach 42.5% and 46.4%,increasing by 100.5% and 118.9% compared with controlled field.DX-9 may increase biodegradation rate of these two plants by 72.8% and 76.4%.Residual amount of petroleum in root,stalk,leaves, corn cob and seed of corn increased by 19.4%,0.8%,0.7%,1.3% and 14.8%,while that of root,stalk,leaves,sunflower-plate and seed of sunflower increased by 184.5%,1.2%,1.1%,2.3% and 31.2% compared with controlled field respectively.It was concluded that petroleum contaminated soil affected growth and seed quality of corn and sunflower remarkably.The effect of combined bioremediation of corn or sunflower with DX-9 was obvious.Petrolic remainder was found in various parts of plant and principally in plant root.