Minimization of the environmental impact in the unhairing of bovine hides |
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| Authors: | Morera Josep M Bacardit Anna Ollé Lluís Bartolí Esther Borràs Maria D |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyoja-Dong, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanbat National University, San 16-1, Deokmyeong-Dong, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-719, Republic of Korea;1. Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, 10101, Zambia;2. Department of Physics, Faculty of Natural & Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa;1. Department of Physics, University of Minho, Azurém Campus, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal;2. ISISE, Civil Engineering Department, University of Minho, Azurém Campus, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal;3. Civil Engineering Department, University of Minho, Azurém Campus, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal;1. Åbo Akademi University, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry and Reaction Engineering, Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Turku/Åbo, Finland;2. University of Naples Federico II, Chemical Sciences Department, Via Cintia 4, IT-80126 Naples, Italy;3. Åbo Akademi University, Molecular Process and Materials Technology, Biskopsgatan 8, 20500 Turku, Finland;1. Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, 650500, China;2. Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA;1. School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China;2. Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Carbon Sink and Capture Utilization, Jinan 250022, China |
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| Abstract: | This study tests an alternative method to the traditional unhairing method used during the process of tanning the hides. The new method is based on the substitution of sodium sulfide by hydrogen peroxide as an unhairing agent in both hair recovery and recirculation of the floats employed in the process. The properties of the hides obtained using the two methods have been compared and the results indicate that those hides have similar physical, chemical, and organoleptic properties. However, the differences existing from an environmental point of view are significant. These include reductions of water consumption (approx 70%), chemical oxygen demand (approx 35%), toxicity (98%) and total kjendhal nitrogen (50%). Also, the risk associated with the production of hydrogen sulfide is eliminated, which implies a great improvement in terms of safety for the workers. Given the large amounts of water and chemical pollution discharged in the process, the reductions in absolute values represent a significant improvement. A financial assessment was carried out to demonstrate that the proposed new system is 16% more economic than the traditional one. |
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