自然灾害综合研究的回顾与展望

回顾了20世纪90年代以来,我国在自然灾害综合研究方面所做的工作和取得的成果以及所获得的新认识,包括将研究由单类推向综合。提出自然灾害系统和灾害科学体系的新观念,探索自然灾害综合预报,加强灾害社会属性的研究;提出分区减灾、分级减灾的对策,倡导开展减灾系统工程,将减灾纳入可持续发展系列建立减灾管理系统,推动减灾社会化与产业化等。对21世纪自然灾害综合研究进行了展望,认为其基本指导思想应为从自然灾害系统研究扩展为环境-灾害系统研究。同时提出了减灾能力评估、综合区划、灾后重建统筹规划等所面临的重大问题。

The Review and Prospects of the Comprehensive Study on Natural Disasters

In China, researching disasters sort by sort and reducing disasters branch by branch is still in its basic organizational and implementary disaster-related work form nowadays, but plenty of information achieved from past comprehensive studies on these aspects carried out last years has shown clearly that the natural disaster studies are right tending to be guided by the systematic perspective, and that the disaster reducing work is right developing to the trend of being integrated and socialized.In order to promote the movement of International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction of China, the National Working Group on Natural Disasters was founded in 1991 under the leading of the former State Science and Technology Commission, State Planning Commission and State Economy and Trade Commission of P. R. China, for short, National Working Group on Natural disasters of three Commissions-renamed in 1999 as National Working Group on Disasters of three Ministry and Commissions. Itis comprised by experts from the former State Meteorological Administration, State Seismological Bureau and State Oceanic Administration as well as experts from the former Ministry of Water Resources, Ministry of Geology and Minerals, Ministry of Agriculture and Ministry of Forestry of P. R. China. Since its founding, this working group has carried out the comprehensive investigations and studies on the regularities of every major natural hazards and natural disasters in China for more than 10 years, based on which more than 20 monographs and several hundreds of articles on these aspects have been completed up to new. According to these work, some important comprehensive and integrated strategies and countermeasures for national natural disaster reduction have been put forward simultaneously. These disaster research productions and disaster reduction practice made it clear that the comprehensive study on natural disasters are still a very important item of the whole nation's disaster- reduction career and of the social and economic development projects of China in the 21st century.