黄土高原退耕还林（草）前后土壤有机碳密度变化及其对气候变化和人类活动的响应

准确评估黄土高原地区退耕还林前后土壤有机碳储量（SOCS）的变化,探究其时空分布及影响因素之间的关系,对区域循环发展以及生态保护政策的制定具有重要的参考意义.基于黄土高原退耕还林（草）前后（2001~2020年）的气候、人类活动及土壤表层（0~20 cm）和深层（0~100 cm）有机碳密度数据,采用变化趋势分析、克里格差值、方差分解分析等方法,从不同时空尺度上研究了土壤有机碳密度（SOCD）的变化特征及对气候和人为因素变化的相对响应.结果表明：①退耕还林前后全区域表层SOCS增加了833.87万t；深层SOCS增加了1 160.02万t. ②各生物气候分区中,Ⅰ（半湿润森林区）、 Ⅱ（半湿润半干旱林草区）和Ⅲ（半干旱典型草地区）全域平均SOCD呈显著增加,而在Ⅳ（干旱半干旱荒漠草地区）和Ⅴ（干旱荒漠区）中降低. ③不同生态系统平均表层SOCS增量排序为：耕地 >草地 >林地 >灌木 >裸地及稀疏植被；深层土壤增量排序为：草地 >耕地 >林地 >灌木 >裸地及稀疏植被. ④气候因子始终是SOCD变化最重要的驱动因素；年均温和降水量与SOCD变化呈显著正相关.研究结果可为区域生态管理和土地利用政策制定提供数据支撑,以促进黄土高原地区生态环境高质量发展.

Changes in Soil Organic Carbon Density and Its Response to Climate Change and Human Activities Before and After the Grain for Green Project on the Loess Plateau

Accurately assessing the changes in soil organic carbon storage （SOCS） before and after the Grain for Green Project （GFG） in the Loess Plateau （LP） and exploring the relationship between its spatial and temporal distribution and the influencing factors were important references for the development of regional recycling as well as the formulation of ecological protection policies. Based on the data of climate, human activities, and SOCD in the surface （0-20 cm） and deep （0-100 cm） soil before and after GFG in the LP from 2001 to 2020, we investigated the changes in SOCD at different spatial and temporal scales by using the methods of trend analysis, the kriging method, and variance partitioning analysis. The results showed that： ① Before and after the GFG, the surface SOCS of the whole region increased by 8 338.7×10⁴ t； the deep SOCS increased by 1 160.02×10⁴ t. ② In each bioclimatic subregion, the whole-region average SOCD of Ⅰ （Semi-Humid Forest Region）, Ⅱ （Semi-Humid Semi-Arid Forest and Grassland Region）, and Ⅲ （Semi-Arid Typical Grassland Region） showed a significant increasing trend, with a decreasing trend in Ⅳ （arid semi-arid desert grassland area） and Ⅴ （arid desert area）. ③ The average surface SOCS increase in different ecosystems was ranked as follows： cropland > grassland > woodland > shrubs > bare land and sparse vegetation. The deep soil increase was ranked as follows： grassland > cropland > woodland > shrubs > bare land and sparse vegetation. ④ Climate factors were the most important driving factors for changes in SOCD； the annual average temperature and precipitation were significantly positively correlated with changes in SOCD. The results of the study could provide data support for regional ecological management and land use policy formulation to promote high quality development of the ecological environment in the LP.