青藏高原重要交通国道路侧土壤重金属分布特征及生态风险评价

为了阐明交通对青藏高原敏感脆弱生态系统和主要生态安全屏障功能的影响,在G214、 G213、 G345、 G109、 G316和G317等国道部分路段,采集路边0~25 m范围内土壤样品,分析6种土壤重金属含量及分布特征,运用单因子污染指数法（P_i）、内梅罗综合指数法（P_N）及潜在生态风险指数法（RI）对路侧土壤重金属的污染程度及潜在生态风险进行综合评价.结果表明,青藏高原重要交通国道路侧土壤重金属ω（As）、 ω（Cd）、 ω（Hg）、 ω（Ni）、 ω（Pb）和ω（Zn）分别介于5.65~176.00、 0.04~0.27、 0.01~0.14、 9.52~113.00、 9.16~54.50和24.70~109.00 mg·kg^-1,呈高度变异,部分采样路段存在As、 Cd和Hg元素高于当地土壤背景值.路侧土壤重金属单因子污染指数大小为：P_i （As） > P_i （Hg） > P_i（Cd） > P_i （Pb） > P_i （Ni） > P_i （Zn）,内梅罗综合污染指数在0.41~9.20,平均值为1.53,属于清洁或轻度污染,局部处于中度或重度污染.研究路段综合潜在生态风险指数平均值为106.2,土壤总体处于无污染和轻度污染,仅有两个路段的土壤重金属富集达到中等及强度生态危害,其G213a土壤综合潜在风险指数显示为中度至重度生态危害,主要受到Hg、 As和Cd的影响,G317土壤综合潜在风险指数显示为轻度至中度生态危害,主要受到Hg和Cd的影响.青藏高原路侧土壤重金属含量与路侧距离及土壤深度没有显著相关性,与年均气温呈显著正相关（P < 0.05）.青藏高原道路建设人为活动剧烈、交通流量较大的区域有土壤重金属富集趋势.

Distribution Characteristics and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Roadside Soil of Important National Highways on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

To clarify the impact of transportation on the sensitive and fragile ecosystems of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and major ecological safety barrier functions, soil samples within 0-25 m on the roadside were collected from sections of national highways such as G214, G213, G345, G109, G316, and G317, and the contents of six heavy metals were analyzed. Then, the degree of heavy metal pollution and the risk of ecological hazards were evaluated using the single-factor pollution index method （P_i）, Nemero comprehensive index method （P_N）, and potential ecological risk index method （RI）. The results showed that the heavy metal contents of As, Cd, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the soil of important transportation national roads on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau ranged from 5.65 to 176.00, 0.04 to 0.27, 0.01 to 0.14, 9.52 to 113.00, 9.16 to 54.50, and 24.70 to 109.00 mg·kg^-1, respectively, showing high variability. In some sections of the soil, the values of the elements As, Cd, and Hg were higher than the local soil background values. The single-factor pollution index of heavy metals in roadside soil was P_i （As） > P_i （Hg） > P_i（Cd） > P_i （Pb） > P_i （Ni） > P_i （Zn）. The Nemero comprehensive pollution index ranged from 0.41 to 9.20, with an average value of 1.53, indicating clean and mild pollution. Some areas showed a moderate or severe pollution. The average potential ecological risk index of the research section was 106.2, and the soil was generally in a state of no pollution and light pollution. Only two road sections had soil heavy metal enrichment reaching moderate and strong ecological hazards. The comprehensive potential risk of the G213a road section indicated moderate to severe ecological risk, mainly contributed by Hg, As, and Cd. The comprehensive pollution risk of the G317 road section indicated mild to moderate ecological risk, mainly contributed by Hg and Cd. The heavy metal content in the soil of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau road area was not significantly correlated with the roadside distance and soil depth but was significantly positively correlated with the annual average temperature （P < 0.05）. In all, there was a trend of heavy metal input into the soil environment in areas with intense human activities and high traffic flow during road construction on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau.