Sorption nonequilibrium during solute transport |
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| Institution: | 1. Aalto University, School of Engineering, Department of Energy Technology, PO Box 14400, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland;2. Pohjolan Voima Plc, Töölönkatu 4 PL 40, 00101 Helsinki, Finland;1. Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, 80401, USA;2. Hydrologic Science and Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, 80401, USA |
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| Abstract: | The effects of pore-water velocity, solute hydrophobicity, and sorbent organic-carbon content on sorption nonequilibrium during solute transport were evaluated. Nonequilibrium transport was observed to increase with pore-water velocity, solute hydrophobicity, and sorbent organic-carbon content. Nonequilibrium transport of neutral organic compounds was not detected with low organic-carbon (TOC = 0.33 g kg?1) aquifer material, but was detected on higher organic sorbents from the unsaturated zone (TOC = 2.6 g kg?1) and the soil surface (TOC = 6.9 g kg?1). For solute-sorbent combinations yielding retardation factors > 2, nonequilibrium during transport was observed. After experimentally accounting for slow solute diffusion in the aqueous phase and isotherm nonlinearity as potential contributors to nonequilibrium solute transport, sorption nonequilibrium was attributed to slow solute diffusion within the organic-carbon matrix. |
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