疫情管控期间公共场所火灾疏散研究*

为探究新冠疫情管控期间公共建筑安全出口开放状态对人员疏散影响，通过实地调研了解公共建筑疏散管理及安全出口开放状态，利用Pathfinder模拟疫情管控前后某高校办公楼人员火灾疏散，分析人员疏散过程中个人拥堵总时长、最长连续拥堵时长、人员疏散路径，提出3种推荐出口开放方案，并通过Pathfinder模拟得到最优方案。研究结果表明:疫情管控期间，各公共建筑均关闭部分安全出口，以便于体温检测；疫情管控期间人员拥堵时长显著增大，常规情况下人均拥堵时长为16.01 s、个人拥堵时长最大为120.45 s，疫情管控期间人均拥堵时长为23.92 s、个人拥堵时长最大为168.23 s；区域A部分人员汇合至区域B中，导致楼梯2人员密度增大，在2~3层楼梯发生拥堵；同时开放出口Ⅰ和Ⅳ的方案Ⅲ为最优开放方案。

Study on fire evacuation in public places during COVID-19 epidemic control

In order to explore the influence of the opening state of safety exits in public buildings on the personnel evacuation during the COVID-19 epidemic control,the evacuation management of public buildings and the opening state of safety exits were understood through the field investigation.The Pathfinder was used to simulate the fire evacuation of an office building in a university before and after the COVID-19 epidemic control,and the total length of individual congestion,the longest continuous congestion duration and the evacuation route in the personnel evacuation process were analyzed.Three recommended exits opening schemes were proposed,and the optimal scheme was obtained by Pathfinder simulation.The results showed that during the period of epidemic control,all the public buildings closed partial safe exits for the body temperature detection.The length of personnel congestion increased significantly during the epidemic control period,the per capita congestion time was 16.01 s,and the longest individual congestion time was 120.45 s before COVID-19,while the per capita congestion time was 23.92 s,and the longest individual congestion time was 168.23 s after COVID-19.Some personnel in region A converged to region B,resulting in an increase in the personnel density of stair 2 and the congestion of stairs on the 2~3 floors.The scheme Ⅲ with opening exits Ⅰ and Ⅳ simultaneously was the optimal opening scheme.