高海拔高寒地区金属矿山采选固废安全处置现状及研究进展*

针对高海拔寒区金属矿山采选固废处置成本高、有效处置率偏低、安全隐患多等问题，采用室内试验、理论分析、数值模拟及现场实践相结合的方法，开展高海拔寒区排土场散体物料物理力学性质、排土场稳定性、充填料浆输送、充填体固结性能、充填体改性增强等方面的研究，构建冻融循环条件下散体物料内部微观结构信息与宏观力学参数定量关系模型，揭示冻融循环下排土场致灾机理和低温低气压环境下胶结充填料浆固结演化特性，提出冻融循环下排土场堆置工艺和低温低气压环境下胶结充填料浆固结增强技术。相关成果对于提高我国高海拔高寒地区金属矿山采选固废的有效处置率，降低固废处置成本，保障矿山可持续发展具有重要的理论价值和实践指导意义。

Current status and research progress of safety disposal of solid waste from mining and mineral processing of metal mines in cold regions with high altitude

With consideration of high disposal cost of solid waste,low disposal efficiency and potential safety hazards for metal mines in cold regions with high altitude,some relative researches were conducted on the physical and mechanical properties of the bulk material,the stability of dump,transportation characteristic of backfilling slurry,consolidating evolution,reinforcement,and modification of cemented paste backfill by combining laboratory tests,theoretical analysis,numerical simulation,and field application.According to the results,the quantitative relation model of the internal microstructure information and macroscopic mechanical parameters of the bulk material under freeze-thaw cycle is established.The disaster-causing mechanism of the dump under freeze-thaw cycle and the consolidation evolution characteristics of cemented backfilling slurry under low temperature and low air pressure are revealed.Moreover,the stacking technology of the dump under freeze-thaw cycle and the consolidation enhancement technology of cemented backfilling slurry under low temperature and low air pressure environment are put forward.Overall,the obtained findings are of great theoretical value and practical significance to improve the effective disposal efficiency of solid waste from metal mines in cold areas with high altitude,reduce the cost of solid waste disposal,and ensure the sustainable development of mines.