地铁施工事故统计分析与研究*

为了解我国城市地铁施工事故规律特征，降低新建地铁线路施工事故发生频率，统计分析2011—2020年全国31个省市自治区（不包括港澳台）地铁施工事故，归纳事故发生时间、事故类型、施工工法的分布特征，基于灰色关联分析法（GRA）对地铁施工事故致因进行分析。研究结果表明:地铁施工事故季节性特征突出，3，8，11月份呈多发态势；科学技术进步和规章制度完善是保证我国轨道交通运营里程高速增长和施工事故率降低的有效手段；事故类型以坍塌为主，且事故造成影响最大；违章作业、设备设施缺陷、地质环境不良和安全监管未贯彻落实分别为“人、物、环、管”4个维度的关键致因因子。

Statistical analysis and research of subway construction accidents

In order to understand the characteristics of urban subway construction accidents in China and reduce the frequency of construction accidents in new subway lines,the subway construction accidents of 31 provinces and cities(autonomous regions)of China(excluding Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan)from 2011 to 2020 were statistically analyzed,then the distribution characteristics of accident time,accident type and construction method were summarized,and the causes of subway construction accidents were analyzed based on the grey relation analysis (GRA).The results showed that the seasonal characteristic of subway construction accidents in China was prominent,with more occurrence in March,August and November.The scientific and technological progress and the improvement of rules and regulations were the effective means to ensure the high-speed growth of rail transit mileage and the reduction of construction accident rate.The accident type was mainly the collapse,and the impact of accident was the greatest.The violation of regulations,equipment and facilities defects,poor geological environment and failure to implement safety supervision were the key causal factors in the four dimensions of “human,material,environment and management”.