2018年山东近岸养殖区营养盐结构及限制特征

本研究依据2018年山东近岸养殖区调查资料，采用营养盐限制法则评价方法，对DIN、PO₄-P、SiO₃-Si的平面分布、结构及限制特征进行了分析。结果显示，2018年，山东近岸养殖区DIN、PO₄-P和SiO₃-Si年平均浓度分别为（0.253±0.048）mg/L、（0.00743±0.00238）mg/L和（0.269±0.089）mg/L，渤海养殖区片的DIN、SiO₃-Si浓度总体高于黄海养殖区片，高值站位多分布于莱州湾等半封闭海湾；PO₄-P浓度均普遍较低。N/P、Si/N和Si/P的年平均值分别为131±47、0.92±0.47和90±60。N/P高值区多分布于渤海养殖区及海阳－莱阳区片；Si/N、Si/P高值区多分布于牟平区片及渤海的潍坊、龙口及莱州－招远区片。对营养盐限制状况的分析表明，山东近岸养殖区营养盐结构表现为明显的磷限制和枯水期的硅限制。4个季节磷限制状况都较为明显，枯水季节的冬季、春季和秋季硅限制较为明显。建议滩涂贝类养殖区片合理规划放养密度，充分利用海洋初级生产力，净化水质；筏式养殖贝类、藻类养殖区片积极推广贝藻兼养、轮养，开展时空立体养殖，调整养殖品种结构，改善因营养结构改变导致的贫营养状况。

Characteristics of nutrient structures and limitation of coastal aquaculture area in Shandong province, 2018

Based on field data of nutrients observed in coastal aquaculture area in Shandong province, 2018, using the methods of nutrient limitation, the distribution characteristics of nitrogen、phosphorus and silicate were analyzed and discussed. The results showed that the average annual concentrations of DIN, PO₄-P and SiO₃-Si in Shandong coastal culture areas were (0.253±0.048) mg/L、(0.00743±0.00238) mg/L and (0.269±0.089) mg/L, respectively. The concentrations of DIN and SiO₃-Si in Bohai aquaculture area were generally higher than those in Yellow Sea aquaculture area, and the high-value stations were mostly distributed in the semi-closed bay, such as Laizhou Bay, Dingzi Bay. The concentration of PO₄-P was generally low. The annual mean ratios of N/P, Si/N and Si/P were 131±47、0.92±0.47 and 90±60, respectively. The areas with high N/P ratio were mainly distributed in Bohai and Haiyang-Laiyang area. Most Si/N、Si/P high-value stations were distributed in Muping area in the east of Shandong Peninsula and Weifang, Longkou and Laizhou-Zhaoyuan area. The analysis of the nutrient structure showed that the nutrient structure of Shandong coastal culture area was obviously limited by phosphorus and limited by silicon in dry season. The phosphorus limitation was obviously in four seasons, and the silicon limitation was obviously during dry season. It is suggested that the reasonable planning of stocking density can not only effectively increase the amount of shellfish resources, but also make full use of marine primary productivity to purify water quality. It should actively promote the simultaneous cultivation and rotation of shellfish and algae in raft aquaculture shellfish and algae aquaculture areas, adjust the structure of culture products, and improve the poor nutritional status caused by the change of nutritional structure.