秦皇岛海洋站海浪特征分析

本文基于秦皇岛海洋站2015年3月至2020年11月海浪观测数据，对春、夏、秋季的海浪特征进行分析。结果表明，不同月份和年份海浪的波型大致相同，仅有两种波型，以风浪（F）为主，出现的比例为90%以上；混合浪-涌浪为主（U/F）出现次数较少。海况为1～6级，以2、3级为主，4级为辅，1级次之，5、6级偶有发生。出现6级海况的月份分别为7月、8月；春季（3－5月）以3级海况为主、秋季（9－11月）以2～3级海况为主，呈明显的季节性。秦皇岛海洋站出现6级海况的年份为2017年、2018年，这两年出现6级海况是受温带气旋的影响。波高和周期没有明显的相关关系，秦皇岛沿岸大浪过程主要受冷空气、温带气旋、冷空气和温带气旋结合的影响，其中10月、11月波高增加主要与冷空气有关。

Analysis of sea wave characteristics at Qinhuangdao station

Based on the sea wave observation data of Qinhuangdao Ocean Station from March 2015 to November 2020, this paper analyzes the wave characteristics of Qinhuangdao in spring, summer and autumn. The results show that the wave type of waves in different months and years are roughly the same. There are only two types of waves, mainly wind waves (F), with a probability of more than 90%, and mixed waves-surges (U/F) appearing less frequently. The sea situation is between level 1～6, with level 2 and 3 as the main, level 4 as a supplement, level 1 second, and level 5 and 6 occasionally occur. The months when Grade 6 sea situation appear are July and August. In spring (March to May), the sea situation is mainly grade 3, and in autumn (September to November), the sea situation is mainly grade 2 to 3, showing obvious seasonality. The years when Grade 6 sea situation appeared were 2017 and 2018. The appearance of Grade 6 sea situation in these two years was affected by extratropical cyclones. There is no obvious correlation between wave height and period. The process of rough sea along the Qinhuangdao coast is mainly affected by cold air, extratropical cyclone, and the combination of cold air and extratropical cyclone. The increase of wave height in October and November is mainly related to cold air.