Making sense of complexity in risk governance in post-disaster Fukushima fisheries: A scalar approach |
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Affiliation: | 1. U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Rm. 123, University of Arizona, 1110 E. So. Campus Drive, Tucson, AZ 85719, United States;2. U.S. Geological Survey, Core Science Analytics and Synthesis, Denver Federal Center Bldg. 810, Lakewood, CO 80225, United States;3. U.S. Geological Survey, USA National Phenology Network, 1955 E 6th St., Tucson, AZ 85721, United States;4. NOAA Fisheries Service, Office of Science and Technology, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910, United States;1. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States;2. Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States;3. USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Athens, GA, United States;4. Dougherty and Dougherty Forest Services Inc., Danielsville, GA, United States;1. ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia;2. Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute (KMFRI), P.O. Box 81651-80100, Mombasa, Kenya;3. Department of Botany, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States |
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Abstract: | This paper evaluates how geographical theories of scale can give a more robust understanding of the governance of complex environmental risks. We assess the case of fisheries in Iwaki City, Fukushima Prefecture in Japan following the 2011 nuclear disaster. Fisheries in Iwaki and Fukushima more widely are operating on a trial basis as understanding of the marine radiation situation becomes clearer, however questions remain over whether consumers will buy produce and to what extent full-scale fisheries will resume. Based on empirical fieldwork undertaken in Fukushima plus supporting documentary analysis, we construct a scalar account of post-disaster Iwaki fisheries. We use this to argue that framing post-disaster fisheries governance at the municipal scale rather than the prefectural scale has opened up opportunities for enacting the more two-way forms of risk governance that contemporary environmental issues may require. We also argue locally-situated ‘experts’ (e.g. fisheries extension officers and citizen science groups) play a key role in negotiating citizens’ and fishers’ relationships with larger-scale scientific discourses due to their ability to work across scales, despite having less techno-scientific expertise than their national-level counterparts. In turn, we suggest that in governance of complex environmental issues, policymakers ought to (a) consider how community-level expectations may differ from risk governance processes developed at larger scales; (b) identify key institutions or figures who can work across scales and support them accordingly; and (c) show cognisance to the social effects that may arise from spatial demarcation of environmental problems. |
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Keywords: | Environmental governance Fukushima nuclear disaster Landscapes of risk Risk governance Social construction of scale |
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