Climate change adaptation in the Sahel |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Geography, McGill University, 805 Sherbrooke St. West., Burnside Hall 614, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B9, Canada;2. Department of Geography, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda;3. Université du Québec à Montréal, Institut des Sciences De L''environnement, Case Postale 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada;1. Department of Geography, McGill University, 805 Sherbrooke St. West., Burnside Hall 614, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B9, Canada;2. Department of Geography, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda;3. Université du Québec à Montréal, Institut des Sciences De L''environnement, Case Postale 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada;1. International Institute for Earth System Sciences, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, China;2. Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark;3. Centre Nationale de Recherches Météorologiques (CNRM), Meteo-France & UMR CNRS 3589, 42 Avenue Gaspard Coriolis, 31100 Toulouse, France;1. GFZ German Research Centre for Geoscience, Section 5.4, Hydrology, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany;2. The Environment and Sustainability Institute, and Department of Politics, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall, UK;3. Institute of Water and Flood Management, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh;4. Environmental Science Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh;5. Ecologic Institute, Berlin, Germany;1. Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Po. Box. 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;2. Land Degradation and Development Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands;1. School of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, Henan 450045, China;2. Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, Scoates Hall, Room#322, College Station, TX 77843, USA;3. State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China;4. Metropolitan Solar Inc., Washington, DC 20032, USA |
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| Abstract: | Climate change adaptation now occupies central stage on the agenda of most environmental initiatives in Africa. Our current understanding on the state of adaptation is limited, however, both globally and in Africa in particular. This study examines the status of adaptation in the Sahel by reviewing the primary peer review literature that reports concrete climate change adaptation actions. Based on an analysis of 70 peer review papers that document 414 discrete adaptations, we create a snap shot of adaptations developed between 1975 and 2015, and also calculate the percentages of adaptation. The results show that from a country to country perspective, Kenya has the highest number of reported adaptation actions (75 or 18.1%). The percentages indicate that the adaptive capacity of the entire study area is generally low for all the countries being that the highest country-level percentage is recorded in Kenya and it is 18%. Regionally, West Africa has more adaptation actions (261 or 63%) when compared to other regions of the Sahel. Regional level percentages suggest a higher level of adaptation at the regional level being that the percentage falls within the high scale range. The most commonly used adaptation actions reported are income diversification and water harnessing respectively. When categorized, technically related adaptation actions dominate the adaptation charts. The decade 2008–2016 recorded the highest number of adaptations (65.2%). Adaptation actions are also reported to be triggered by climatic and non-climatic drivers which both record high frequencies but the climatic drivers (98%) of adaptation are slightly dominant relative to the non-climatic drivers (95%). These results should be viewed as proxies of climate change adaptation as much information may be found in grey literature and non-peer review national communications which are left out here because of their relative low standardization and acceptability due to the absence of peer review. |
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| Keywords: | Climate change Adaptation West Africa Sahel Income diversification Technical adaptation |
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