人类干扰与海河流域水环境衰退

近 5 0年来 ,海河流域水环境衰退严重 ,已危及到区内人类的生存。人类干扰与海河流域水环境衰退的问题已成为学术界关注和研究的焦点 ,并日益受到政府部门的重视。本文在分析海河流域自然地理特征和近代人类干扰活动的基础上 ,探讨了海河流域潜在的水循环特征及调节因素 ,以及人类干扰与水环境衰退的关系 ,文章指出 :破坏山区森林 ,加快了山区径流向平原区的输送过程 ,增大了流域水循环速度 ;大量修建水库减慢甚至中断山区径流向平原区的输送过程 ,降低流域水循环速度 ;筑堤防、建水库改变水资源分布 ;修建水库、围湖造田及开挖新河减少流域水资源数量 ;遵守自然法则是改善海河流域水环境的唯一途径。研究结论可为规范人类活动提供指导 ,为改善海河流域水环境提供科学根据。

MAN'S DISTURBANCE AND CONTABESCENCE OF WATER ENVIRONMENT IN HAIHE VALLEY

Water environment decayed seriously in Haihe valley in the past fifty years, which endangered man's survival. The relation between man's disturbance and contabescence of water environment in Haihe valley have become the focus paid close attention to and researched by academia and recognized by governments day by day. On the basis of analyzing physical geographical characterical and man's contabescence in the recent era in Haihe valley, this paper discussed the potential charactersistics of water circulation and regulating factors and the relation between man's disturbance and contabescence of water environment in Haihe valley, and pointed out that it is deforestation that quickened the transportation process from mountain to plain and increase the water circulation speed, and it is the dykes and reservoirs that changed the distribution of water resources, and it is reservoirs, dykes and new rivers that reduced the water resources, and it is the only approach to abide by the natural law to improve the water environment of Haihe valley. The results can provide directions to regulate man's activities and give scientific basis for improvement of water environment in Haihe valley.