江苏如东附近海域夏季海洋环境噪声特性分析

近岸海域风电场等海洋工程产生的水下噪声可以影响海洋环境。本文以如东海域为研究区域，划分为港口区、风电场区和鱼类洄游区，分别监测其海洋环境噪声，获得水下噪声和水文气象要素数据，计算海洋环境噪声功率谱值，对噪声的频谱和区域分布特性进行了分析。结果表明，在海洋工程的影响下如东海域不同频率段的噪声功率谱显著增加，同时噪声功率谱峰值也有所增多。港口区低于140 Hz的水下噪声出现浅层大于深层的现象，异于其他区域；风电场区域噪声功率谱的极值增加最大；鱼类洄游区海域的噪声功率谱在1000 Hz以下出现多个峰值。港口区和风电场区海域水下噪声呈现近岸海域大于远岸。如东海域的水下噪声在海洋工程的影响下发生了剧烈的变化，噪声主要频率与该海域部分海洋生物的敏感频段相似，噪声功率谱临界甚至超过其听觉阈值，这会干扰海洋生物的听力和生存，严重者可直接致死，因此亟须对如东海域水下环境噪声进行长期的监测和治理。

Analysis of characteristics of the ambient noise in the sea area near Rudong,Jiangsu in summer

The marine environment in coastal seas is threatened by ambient noise generated by offshore engineering such as wind farms. Taking Rudong sea area as the research area, and we divided the area into port area, wind farm area and fish migration area. The marine environmental noise of each area is monitored, and the underwater noise data and hydrometeorological elements are obtained. By calculating the ambient noise in each area, the power spectral density was analyzed for the noise spectrum and regional distribution characteristics. It was found that marine engineering caused a significant increase in the noise power spectrum at different frequencies in the Rudong sea area, and the peak value of the noise power spectrum also increased. The underwater noise in the port area below 140 Hz appeared shallower than the bottom layer, which was different from other areas. The extreme value of the noise power spectrum of the wind farm area increased the most. The noise power spectrum in the sea area of the fish migration area appeared more than 1000 Hz Peaks. The underwater noise in the sea area of the port area and the wind farm area presented a trend that the near-shore area was larger than the far-shore area. Marine engineering caused drastic changes in underwater noise in Rudong Sea. The main frequency of the noise was similar to the sensitive frequency band of some major marine organisms in the sea area. The noise power spectrum was critical or even exceeds its hearing threshold. This will interfere with the hearing and survival of marine organisms. As a result of death, there is an urgent need for long-term monitoring and control of the underwater environmental noise in Rudong Sea.