中国国际河流水资源利用立法略论

我国的国际河流数量众多，分布广泛。国际河流的利用主要分为国际河流的航行利用和国际河流的水资源利用2个方面。我国对国际河流的利用主要表现为对国际河流水资源的利用。完善我国国际河流水资源利用立法非常重要。它可以确保我国既充分、合理，又合法、有据地利用国际河流水资源，消除国际舆论中“中国水威胁论”的不良影响；缓解国内水资源日益紧张的局面；发展流域经济；保护当地生态环境。运用综合分析和实证研究的方法，对我国国际河流水资源利用立法情况和对外谈判进行探讨。检视我国国际河流水资源利用立法存在诸多问题。国际河流水资源利用立法理念不协调；国际河流水资源污染防治立法视野狭隘；双边或多边区域性专项水协定缺失等问题表现得尤为突出。应采取调整国际河流水资源利用立法理念；坚持“公平利用”原则，维护我国权益；健全双边或多边的区域性专项水协定体系；拓宽立法视野，兼顾国际河流水资源利用和保育；保护国际河流水环境等措施，规制国际河流水资源的利用。

STUDY ON THE LEGISLATION OF UTILIZATION OF WATERRESOURCES FROM INTERNATIONAL RIVERS IN CHINA

There are so many international rivers distributed widely in China.There are two main aspects of using the international rivers water resources,the navigating utilization and water resources utilization.In China,the utilization of the international river water resource is the main one.It is very important to perfect the legislation of utilization of water resources from international rivers in China.Perfecting the legislation of utilization of international river water resources can ensure us to use the water resources fully,reasonably and lawfully;to remove the bad effect of “the China threat theory” in international public opinion;to relieve the serious shortage of freshwater resources in China;to develop the local economy of river area;to protect the local ecological environment,etc.In this paper,we take two methods,which are comprehensive analysis and empirical study to study the current legislation of the utilization of international river water resources in China and negotiation with foreigners.Reviewing on legislation of utilization international river water resources in China,there are so many problems,such as,the ideas of legislative are uncoordinated,the prospects of water resources pollution preventing are narrow,lacking of the bilateral or multilateral special agreement on the regional water resources. We should take the measures to regulate the utilization of the international river water resources,such as,adjusting the legislative ideas about utilization of international rivers water resources,strengthening the legal system of the regional bilateral or multilateral special agreement,insisting on the “fair utilization principle” of international law to maintain our rights and interests in international law;widening the vision of the relevant legislation,paying attention to the utilization and conservation about the international rivers water resources;protecting the international rivers basin water environment.