苏南地区耕地质量评价与分区保护研究

耕地质量监测与评估研究是我国耕地保护工作的重要支撑。针对苏南地区耕地保护面临的新问题,整合农用地分等定级、多目标地球化学调查和土壤侵蚀等相关研究资料,重构耕地综合质量评估指标体系,综合运用空间分析、加权综合和聚类分析方法,根据耕地基础地力、耕地健康和耕地外部环境的空间分异和组合特征,识别优先保护、地力提升、污染治理和水土保持等耕地类型,分类讨论耕地保护与整治路径。分析表明:苏南地区现状耕地中,优质耕地占比不足65%,近30%的耕地基础地力较差,超过5%的耕地受到水土流失、重金属污染威胁。其中,优质耕地集中于茅山以东的太湖平原和沿江平原地区,茅山以西地区基础地力相对较差,宁镇沿江、太湖东北岸部分地区土壤重金属污染和水土流失风险较高,需要因地制宜开展地力提升、土壤修复、水土保持和农业结构调整等治理措施,以增强地产农产品质量安全。

CULTIVATED LAND QUALITY ASSESSMENT AND PROTECTION ZONING IN SOUTHERN JIANGSU

Cultivated land quality assessment and monitoring is one of the most important tasks in China. Cultivated land quality in Southern Jiangsu province has attracted much academics due to new problems such as heavy metal pollution. In our paper, the comprehensive quality evaluation and zoning method of cultivated land by integrating agricultural land classification, land quality geochemical assessments and soil loss prediction based on remote sensing was explored. Here, we restructured cultivated land quality assessment indicators firstly, then integrated with spatial analysis, clustering analysis and the matching analysis of farmland fertility conditions, farmland healthy level and surrounding factors, cultivated land categories of natural quality enhancing, soil pollution remediation, soil and water conservation and superior protection were established. Later, the reclamation paths according to cultivated land quality classification were discussed.#br#The empirical study in Southern Jiangsu showed that less than 65% in the cultivated land was healthy and fertilized, nearly 30% in the cultivated land is covered by poor soil, and over 5% in the cultivated land is threatened by the heavy metal pollution and soil erosion. Concretely, healthy and fertile farmland is mainly distributed in Taihu lake plains and flatlands along the Yangzte River which is in the eastern part of Mao Mountain. The cultivated land in the western part of Mao Mountain is relatively poor, and the heavy metal pollution and soil erosion indexes of farmlands in western part of areas long the Yangzte River and eastern part of Tahu lake is relatively high compared to soil environmental standard. So, it can be argued that agricultural production in southern Jiangsu is likely to meet with environmental risks which are related to cultivated land quality in some senses, and it may be a huge challenge to people's healthy in this area. We points out that farmlands reclamation strategy should be carried out rapidly in order to improve the cultivated land. Our approach improves current cultivated land assessment methods and results can be used for farmlands quality monitoring and management.