基于效果-效率-适应性的养殖废弃物资源化利用管理模式评价框架构建及初步应用

由于产业发展正处于转型阶段,我国畜禽养殖污染治理中的管理问题比技术问题更加突出,选择适宜的组织管理模式尤其重要。融合了效果分析、效率评价和适应性分析,尝试构建一个养殖废弃物资源化利用管理模式综合评价框架,并选择太湖流域4个不同类型的典型案例进行方法例证。研究表明,传统的养殖企业主导型管理模式应用于小型、分散养殖废弃物资源化利用时面临着经济效率低、适应性差难题;农村废弃物处理中心、种植企业和有机肥企业的参与可以改善小型、分散养殖废弃物资源化利用的经济效率;综合考虑效果、效率与适应性,种植企业、有机肥企业主导型模式的适宜推广范围更广。应根据不同地区种植-养殖产业关系、污染治理需求、经济发展水平与政府投入能力等,灵活组合应用不同管理模式。

AN EVALUATION FRAMEWORK BASED ON EFFECTIVENESS-ECONOMIC-APPLICABILITY ANALYSIS FOR MANAGEMENT MODES OF LIVESTOCK WASTE UTILIZATION

Since China's livestock and poultry breeding industry is in a transition stage, choice and improvement of management mode for livestock waste governance is more prominent than technical problems. Effectiveness analysis, economic evaluation and applicability analysis were integrated to construct an evaluation framework for livestock waste management modes. Four typical cases presenting different livestock waste resource utilization management modes in Taihu Basin are employed to test the evaluation framework and methods. It is found that traditional livestock farm oriented management mode is faced with low economic efficiency and poor sustainability when applied to livestock waste resource utilization of small and decentralized livestock farms. Participation of disposal center for rural wastes, planting farms and organic fertilizer enterprises would improve the economic efficiency of resource utilization of waste from small and decentralized livestock farms. Planting farm oriented mode and organic fertilizer enterprise oriented mode have a wider range of applications in the case of considering effectiveness, efficiency and sustainability of management. Different management modes should have a more flexible combination and application according to planting-raising situation, pollution governance needs, regional economic level and government financial capacity.