重庆市农用地整治项目时空分异特征研究

以2002~2013年重庆市农用地整治项目数据为基础,采用数理统计法和重心模型法,对12 a间重庆市农用地整治项目的时空分异特征进行研究。得出以下结论:1重庆市农用地整治项目主要分布在城市发展新区和渝东北生态涵养发展区。项目平均规模受地形影响较大,项目平均投资额与项目区区位条件、地形条件、现代农业发展方向、生态文明建设等因素有关。2项目数量、项目规模及项目投资额的重心移动均在经度和纬度方向呈现波动变化,但基本集中在全市的中部位置,全市农用地整治项目的空间分布具有一定的地域均衡性。项目重心整体呈向东北方向移动的趋势,重心移动的方向和距离受政策因素影响明显。3根据项目数量、项目规模和项目投资额的重心点及其移动轨迹可以将重庆市12 a间农用地整治项目分为起步阶段、发展阶段、完善阶段、成熟阶段四个阶段。最后对重庆市农用地整治政策制定和项目布局提出了相应的政策建议。

RESEARCH ON TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL VARIATION OF FARMLAND CONSOLIDATION PROJECTS IN CHONGQING

Analyzing spatiotemporal variation of farmland consolidation projects is of great theoretical and practical value for grasping the spatial pattern and development direction of land consolidation. It also improves scientific decision-making of land consolidation to identify the key areas of land consolidation in the future. The gravity center model can be used to analyze the spatiotemporal variation of land consolidation and to provide suggestions for land consolidation investment. Based on the data of farmland consolidation projects in 2002-2013 of Chongqing and using the statistics and the gravity center model, this article analyzed the spatiotemporal variation of farmland consolidation in Chongqing. Evaluation units are 38 districts and counties of Chongqing. The results showed that:(1) The farmland consolidation projects were mostly distributed in the new urban development zone and the northeast Chongqing ecological conservation development zone. The average scale of these projects was mostly affected by landform, the scale of the terrain flat areas is mostly great. The average investment was affected by factors like locational conditions, topographic conditions, modern agricultural development and ecological conservation. (2) The gravity center of the number, area and investment of these projects fluctuated irregularly in some ranges both in longitude and latitude, but they were mostly in the mid position of Chongqing. Four of the twelve gravity centers were in Fuling District in the new urban development zone, while Fuling District is also the gravity center of Chongqing, which indicated that the spatial variation of these projects were basically balanced. Overall, the gravity centers was moving to the northeast, but they were mostly distributed in the new urban development zone and the northeast Chongqing ecological conservation development zone, which indicated that these two zones were the key areas of farmland consolidation of Chongqing. In these two zones many major land consolidation projects were launched since 2004, which indicated that the distribution of land consolidation projects was affected by the policy mostly. (3) According to the moving directions of gravity center, the farmland consolidation projects can be divided into four stages:the starting stage (2002-2004), the developing stage (2005-2009), the perfecting stage (2009-2011) and the maturity stage (2012-2013). Finally, this article proposed some suggestions for the policy making and projects distribution of farmland consolidation in Chongqing:(1) Making differential farmland consolidation policies. The distribution of farmland consolidation projects is affected by factors like locational conditions, topographic conditions, modern agricultural development, ecological conservation and mostly, by policy. Chongqing is a metropolis with many poor rural areas, characters in each county varies a lot. Different policies should be made to improve the development of different regions. (2) Improving the investment to the southeast Chongqing ecological protection development zone. The southeast Chongqing ecological protection development zone is the key ecological function area, biodiversity protection area and poverty alleviation demonstration area of our country. During the 12 years, the number, scale and investment of farmland consolidation projects were small. To improve the development of the minority areas, there should be more farmland consolidation projects in the future.