Carbonyl compound leaching from polyethylene terephthalate into bottled water under sunlight exposure |
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Authors: | Maher Abboudi Adnan Odeh Khaled Aljoumaa |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Radiation Technology, Environmental Applications Division, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria, Damascus, Syria;2. Department of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria, Damascus, Syria;3. Department of Radiation Technology, Polymer Technologies Division, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria, Damascus, Syria |
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Abstract: | Polyethylene terephthalate bottles containing natural spring water were used to study the leaching effect of carbonyl compounds after one year storage under real conditions of exposure. Ultraviolet-B and ultraviolet-A spectra of direct sunlight were acquired during the experiment. Leaching of acetone, acetaldehyde, and formaldehyde reached steady state after 210 days of outdoor storage, with the following concentrations: 434 ± 22, 345 ± 18, and 94 ± 5 µg/L, respectively. The increase due to sunlight exposure in comparison with laboratory storage in the dark was around 10%, 16%, and 36%. The leaching process of all three carbonyl compounds was found to follow the first-order kinetics. Photo-degradation of Polyethylene terephthalate bottles and the appearance of carboxyl end-groups were followed by attenuated total reflectance infrared spectra. After 313 days of storage under direct sunlight, new peaks appeared in the regions of 1770–1920 cm?1 and 1685–1490 cm?1. Cations, anions, total dissolved solids, pH, and conductivity were also measured during the storage period. Additionally, microbiological measurements as well as statistical analyses were also carefully discussed. |
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Keywords: | PET-bottled water acetone acetaldehyde formaldehyde FTIR photo-degradation |
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