金沙江一期工程蓄水前长江上游产漂流性卵鱼类产卵场现状

2010~2012年每年5~7月在长江上游江津江段开展鱼类产卵场调查。结果表明长江上游现有产漂流性卵鱼类21种,其中特有鱼类6种,分别为长薄鳅(Leptobotia elongata)、红唇薄鳅(Leptobotia rubrilabris)、中华金沙鳅(Jinshaia sinensis)、长鳍吻鮈(Rhinogobio ventralis)、圆筒吻鮈(Rhinogobio cylindricus)和异鳔鳅鮀(Gobiobotia boulengeri)。产漂流性卵鱼类的产卵量分别为32.42×10⁸粒、46.72×10⁸粒和39.71×10⁸粒,其中四大家鱼产卵量分别为3.21×10⁸粒、4.52×10⁸粒和2.69×10⁸粒,铜鱼产卵量分别为1.45×10⁸粒、3.33×10⁸粒和3.87×10⁸粒,长薄鳅产卵量分别为0.29×10⁸粒、0.99×10⁸粒和0.58×10⁸粒。产漂流性卵鱼类产卵高峰出现在5月底~7月初,产卵量日变化与流量和水温日变化显著相关,调查期间日均水位上涨率大于0.24 m/d产卵高峰最为集中。经推算,长江上游榕山镇、合江县和弥沱镇三江段为产漂流性卵鱼类的主要产卵场。金沙江一期工程蓄水后可能会对产漂流卵鱼类的繁殖产生影响。

RESOURCES STATUS OF ICHTHYOPLANKTON IN THE UPPER YANGTZE RIVER BEFORE THE STORAGE OF JINSHA RIVER FIRST STAGE PROJECT

The surveys of Ichthyoplankton resources were carried out in Jiangjin section of the upper Yangtze River from May to July in 2010, 2011 and 2012. The results showed that there were 21 species of fish with drifting eggs, some of which were endemic species in the upper Yangtze River, such as Leptobotia elongate, Leptobotia rubrilabris, Jinshaia sinensis, Rhinogobio ventralis, Rhinogobio cylindricus and Gobiobotia boulengeri. The total egg quantity in 2010, 2011, and 2012 was 32.42×10⁸ Ind., 46.72×10⁸ Ind., and 39.71×10⁸ Ind. respectively. Among them, the egg quantity of four major Chinese carps was 3.21×10⁸ ind, 4.52×10⁸ ind, and 2.69×10⁸ ind, respectively, the egg quantity of Coreius heterokon was 1.45×10⁸ ind, 3.33×10⁸ ind and 3.87×10⁸ ind, respectively, and the egg quantity of Leptobotia elongate was 0.29×10⁸ ind, 0.99×10⁸ ind, and 0.58×10⁸ ind, respectively. The main spawning season lasted from the end of May to the beginning of July. Significant correlations were found between the daily variation of eggs with runoff and water temperature. The spawning activities occurred intensively when daily variation of water level was higher than 0.24 m/d. The main spawning grounds were estimated at Rongshan, Hejiang and Mituo reaches of upper Yangtze River. The propagation of fish may be affected after the Storage of Jinsha River First Stage Project.