环境规制对技术效率和生产力损失的影响分析

以中国工业为研究对象,以经济发展程度不同所分的东部、中部和西部地区兰个地区作为研究区域,采用非参数数据包络法(DEA)中的径自效率测量方法(radial efficiency measure)为主要研究方法,分析了在1998-2005年期间环境规制对中国工业的技术效率和生产力损失的影响.研究结果表明,在指定的研究期间,环境规制使得中国工业技术效率提高,但是对于生产力的发展却产生了负面的影响.三个地区之间受环境规制影响的差异较大,其中东部为环境规制所付出的成本最大,即东部为环境污染所付出的环境成本最高,这也是为何从九十年代开始,污染物从东部往中西部转移的原因;从受污染物影响的角度来看,因控制废水而引起的生产力损失大于因控制SO2而引起的生产力损失,即对于中国工业,废水的环境成本大于SO2的环境成本.另外,从研究结果中也可知,在中国现有的生产方式下,实施严格的环境规制有一定难度,所以改变旧的生产方式,实施可持续发展的生产方式是当务之急.

Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Environmental Regulations on Technical Efficiency and Productivity Loss

The study analyzed the impact of environmental regulations on technical efficiency and productivity loss in China during 1998-2005 using the radial efficiency measure of DEA(Data Envelopment Analysis). The study focused on Chinese industry and three regions (the East region, the Middle region and the West region ) divided by economic development level. The results showed that environmental regulations improved technical efficiency but gave the negative influence on productivity in Chinese industry during 1998 - 2005. In detail, the influence from environmental regulations among three regions is different. Environmental cost for pollutions was the largest. That is why that pollutants transferred from the East region to other regions from the 1990s. In addition, the issue about the impact of pollutants was also researched. The productivity loss from controlling wastewater was larger than that of SO_2. Finally, the results show that it is difficult to some extent to carry out the strict environmental regulations based on the current production patterns. Therefore, it is urgent for China to change the old production patterns and implement sustainable production way considering environmental factors.