开发建设项目生态环境影响评价原则─生态环境功能保护论

地球各类生态系统是人类可持续生存与发展所依赖的环境，即生态环境，从可持续发展战略出发，在开发建设项目的环境影响评价中应注重生态环境影响评价。本文提出，生态环境影响评价应从保持生态系统的环境功能着眼，评价生态功能所受的寻求功能补偿的措施。文中列出１２项以上的生态环境功能和建议进行的价值计量方法。同时指出，进行生态环境功能影响评价必须树立三种观念；（１）区别于传统经济观念的生态资源价值观，并从土地利用

Principles of the Eco-Environmental Impact Assessment for Development Construction Projects:A Theory of Eco-Environmental Functions Conservation

All types of ecosystem on the Earth constitute the environment on which the sustainable ekistence and develop ment of human beings rely, that is, the eec-environment. For a sustainable development strategy, more attention should be paid to evaluating the ecological functions of the environment in an environmental impact assessment for a development construction project. As presented in this paper, such an eec-environmental impact assessment should be based on Preserving the environmental functions Of ecosystems to assess the impacts on the ecological functions of the environment and to indentify the measures for compensating the damaged functions. More than 12 indicators of ecological functions of the environment were identified along with the methods for their valuation suggested. It was also indicated at the same time that, in order to assess the impacts on the ecological functions of theenvironment, the following three concepts must be setup: 1 The concept of the value of ecological resources that is different from the concept of traditional economics, land use, deforestation and water resources development were exemplified to describe the difference between both concepts and the distinguishing between the benefits from two different concepts; 2 The concept of integrating quantity with quality. Land and soil, water quantity and water quality, vegetation cover and diversity, etc., were exemplified to describe the correlationship o f quantity to quality; 3 The concept of the holistic harmonization of ecosystems and the priority assessment of major influencing factors.